CHAPTER 7 • Vapour-Particle Phase Interactions of Organic Pollutants in the Marine Atmosphere
7.4
Conclusions
The estimation of gas-particle phase relationships for chemicals of environmental
concern is not straightforward, though considerable advances in both theory and practical measurements have been made over the last 10-15 years. Such estimates are, however, critical for a proper understanding of the transfer of chemicals between the atmosphere and the surface ocean. More widespread measurements, particularly in remote marine atmospheres, will be essential if we are to be able to provide reliable estimates of pollutants entering the oceans.
References
Bidleman TF (1988) Atmospheric processes: Wet and dry deposition of organic compounds are controlled by their vapor-particle partitioning. Environ Sci Technol 22:361-367
Bidleman TF, Christensen EJ (1979) Atmospheric removal processes for high molecular weight
organochlorines. J Geophys Res 84:7857-7862
Chen H-Y (1997) Azaarenes as contaminants of the urban atmosphere. Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool, UK
Chen H-Y, Preston MR (1998) Gas/particle partitioning behaviour of azaarenes in an urban atmosphere. Environ Poll 97:169-174
Duce RA, Liss PS, Merrill JT, Atlas EL, Buat-Menard P, Hicks BB, Miller JM, Prospero JM, Arimoto R,
Church TM, Ellis W, Galloway IN, Hansen L, Jickells TD, Knap AH, Reinhardt KH, Schneider B,
Soudine A, Tokos n, Tsunogai S, Wollast R, Zhou M (1991) The atmospheric input of trace species
to the world ocean. Global Bigeochem Cycles 5=193-259
Eltzer BD, Hites RA (1989) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient atmosphere of Bloomington, Indiana. Environ Sci Technol 23:1389-1395
Falconer RL, Bidleman TF (1994) Vapor pressures and predicted particle/gas distributions of
polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of their temperature and orthochlorine substitution. Atmos Environ 28:547-554
Finzio A, Mackay D, Bidleman TF, Harner T (1997) Octanol-air partition coefficient as a predictor of
partitioning of semi-volatile organic chemical to aerosols. Atmos Environ 21:2289-2296
Foreman WT, Bidleman TF (1985) Semivolatile organic compounds in the ambient air of Denver, Colorado. Atmos Environ 24A:2405-2416
Harner T, Mackay D (1995) Measurement of octanol-air partition coefficients for chlorobenzenes, PCBs
and DDT. Environ Sci Technol 29:1599-1606
Hinkley DA, Bidleman TF, Foreman WT, Tuschall J (1990) Determination of vapor pressures for nonpolar and semipolar organic compounds from gas chromatographic retention data. J Chern Eng
Data 35:232-237
Junge C (1977) Basic considerations about trace constituents in the atmosphere as related to the fate
of global pollutants. In: Suffet HI (ed) Fate of pollutants in the air and water nvironments, Part 1.
John Wiley, New York, pp 7-26
Liang C, Pankow JF (1996) Gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds to environmental tobacco
smoke: Partition coefficient measurements by desorption and comparison to urban particulate
material. Environ Sci Teclmol 30:2800-2805
Liang C, Pankow JF, Odum JR, Seinfeld JH (1997) Gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic
compounds to model inorganic, organic and ambient smog aerosols. Environ Sci Technol 31:
3086-3092
Liss PS, Merlivat L (1986) Air-sea exchange: Introduction and synthesis. In: Buat-Menard P (ed) The
role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling. D Reidel, Norwell, Mass., pp 113-127
Pankow JF (1987) Review and comparative analysis of the theories of partitioning between the gas
and aerosol particulate phases in the atmosphere. Atmos Environ 21:2275-2283
Pankow JF (1991) Common y-intercept and single compound regressions of gas-particle partitioning data vs. 1/ T. Atmos Environ 25A:2229-2239
Pankow JF (1994a) An absorption model of gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds in the
atmosphere. Atmos Environ 28:185-188
Pankow JF (1994b) An absorption model of the gas/aerosol partitioning involved in the formation of
secondary organic aerosol. Atmos Environ 28:189-193
7.4
Conclusions
The estimation of gas-particle phase relationships for chemicals of environmental
concern is not straightforward, though considerable advances in both theory and practical measurements have been made over the last 10-15 years. Such estimates are, however, critical for a proper understanding of the transfer of chemicals between the atmosphere and the surface ocean. More widespread measurements, particularly in remote marine atmospheres, will be essential if we are to be able to provide reliable estimates of pollutants entering the oceans.
References
Bidleman TF (1988) Atmospheric processes: Wet and dry deposition of organic compounds are controlled by their vapor-particle partitioning. Environ Sci Technol 22:361-367
Bidleman TF, Christensen EJ (1979) Atmospheric removal processes for high molecular weight
organochlorines. J Geophys Res 84:7857-7862
Chen H-Y (1997) Azaarenes as contaminants of the urban atmosphere. Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool, UK
Chen H-Y, Preston MR (1998) Gas/particle partitioning behaviour of azaarenes in an urban atmosphere. Environ Poll 97:169-174
Duce RA, Liss PS, Merrill JT, Atlas EL, Buat-Menard P, Hicks BB, Miller JM, Prospero JM, Arimoto R,
Church TM, Ellis W, Galloway IN, Hansen L, Jickells TD, Knap AH, Reinhardt KH, Schneider B,
Soudine A, Tokos n, Tsunogai S, Wollast R, Zhou M (1991) The atmospheric input of trace species
to the world ocean. Global Bigeochem Cycles 5=193-259
Eltzer BD, Hites RA (1989) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient atmosphere of Bloomington, Indiana. Environ Sci Technol 23:1389-1395
Falconer RL, Bidleman TF (1994) Vapor pressures and predicted particle/gas distributions of
polychlorinated biphenyl congeners as functions of their temperature and orthochlorine substitution. Atmos Environ 28:547-554
Finzio A, Mackay D, Bidleman TF, Harner T (1997) Octanol-air partition coefficient as a predictor of
partitioning of semi-volatile organic chemical to aerosols. Atmos Environ 21:2289-2296
Foreman WT, Bidleman TF (1985) Semivolatile organic compounds in the ambient air of Denver, Colorado. Atmos Environ 24A:2405-2416
Harner T, Mackay D (1995) Measurement of octanol-air partition coefficients for chlorobenzenes, PCBs
and DDT. Environ Sci Technol 29:1599-1606
Hinkley DA, Bidleman TF, Foreman WT, Tuschall J (1990) Determination of vapor pressures for nonpolar and semipolar organic compounds from gas chromatographic retention data. J Chern Eng
Data 35:232-237
Junge C (1977) Basic considerations about trace constituents in the atmosphere as related to the fate
of global pollutants. In: Suffet HI (ed) Fate of pollutants in the air and water nvironments, Part 1.
John Wiley, New York, pp 7-26
Liang C, Pankow JF (1996) Gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds to environmental tobacco
smoke: Partition coefficient measurements by desorption and comparison to urban particulate
material. Environ Sci Teclmol 30:2800-2805
Liang C, Pankow JF, Odum JR, Seinfeld JH (1997) Gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic
compounds to model inorganic, organic and ambient smog aerosols. Environ Sci Technol 31:
3086-3092
Liss PS, Merlivat L (1986) Air-sea exchange: Introduction and synthesis. In: Buat-Menard P (ed) The
role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling. D Reidel, Norwell, Mass., pp 113-127
Pankow JF (1987) Review and comparative analysis of the theories of partitioning between the gas
and aerosol particulate phases in the atmosphere. Atmos Environ 21:2275-2283
Pankow JF (1991) Common y-intercept and single compound regressions of gas-particle partitioning data vs. 1/ T. Atmos Environ 25A:2229-2239
Pankow JF (1994a) An absorption model of gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds in the
atmosphere. Atmos Environ 28:185-188
Pankow JF (1994b) An absorption model of the gas/aerosol partitioning involved in the formation of
secondary organic aerosol. Atmos Environ 28:189-193