274 Aquaculture Microbiology and Biotechnology
Olaizola, M. (2008). The production and health benefi ts of astaxanthin. In: Marine
Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Nutraceutical Food Science and Technology,
Volume 7. C. Barrow and F. Shahidi (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl., USA pp.
321-344.
Raa, J. and Gildberg, A. (1982). Fish Silage. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci .Nutr. 16(4): 383-491.
Ragunath, M.R. and Gopakumar, K. (2002). Trends in production and utilization of fi sh
silage. J. Food Sci. Tech. 39: 03-110.
Ramesh, H.P., Viswanatha, S.and Taranathan, R.N. (2004). Safety evaluation of formulations
containing carboxymethyl derivatives of starch and chitosan in albino rats. Carbohyd.
Polym. 58: 435-441.
Ramirez, A. (2007). Salmon by-product proteins. FAO Fish. Circ. No. 1027, Food and Agric.
Org., Rome, Italy.
Ramirez-Coutino L, Carmen M, Cervantes M, Huerta S, Revah S and Shirai K. (2006).
Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin in the production of oligosaccharides using Lecanicillium
fungicola chitinases. Process Biochem. 41: 1106-1110.
Rao, M.S. and Stevens, W.F. (2005). Chitin production by Lactobacillus fermentation of shrimp
biowaste in a drum reactor and its chemical conversion to chitosan. J. Chem. Technol.
Biotechnol. 80: 1080-1087.
Rao, M.S., Munoz, J. and Stevens, W.F. (2000). Critical factors in chitin production by
fermentation of shrimp biowaste. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54: 808-813.
Rattanakit, N., Plikomol, A., Yano, S., Wakayama, M. and Takashi Tachiki, T. (2002). Utilization
of shrimp shellfi sh waste as a substrate for solid-state cultivation of Aspergillus sp.
S 1-13: Evaluation of a culture based on chitinase formation which is necessary for chitinassimilation. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 93: 550-556.
Rojas Avelizapa, L.I., CruzCamarillo, R., Guerrero, M.I., RodriguezVazquez, R. and Ibarra,
J.E. (1999). Selection and characterization of a proteo-chitinolytic strain of Bacillus
thuringiensis, able to grow in shrimp waste media. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15:
261-268.
Rustad, T. (2003). Utilization of marine by-products. Electronic J. Environ. Agri. Food Chem.
2 (4): 458-463.
Sachindra, N.M. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2005). Extractability of carotenoids from shrimp
waste in vegetable oils and process optimization. Biores. Technol. 96: 1195-1200.
Sachindra, N.M. and Bhaskar, N. (2008). In-vitro antioxidant activity of liquor from fermented
shrimp biowaste. Bires. Technol. 99: 9013-9016.
Sachindra, N.M., Rao, Lalitha S. and Sripathy, N.V. (1994). Ensilaging of prawn carapace by
lactic fermentation. Seafood Exp. J. 25(13): 13-16.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N., Sathisha, A.D. and Sakhare, P.Z. (2004). Collagen in different
body components of Indian Major Carps (IMCs) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Presented at the 16th Indian Convention of Food Scientists and Technologists, December
10-11, 2004, Mysore, India.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2005a). Carotenoids in different body
components of Indian shrimps. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85: 165-172.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2005b). Carotenoids in crabs of marine
and freshwaters of India. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 38: 221-225.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2006a). Carotenoids in Solonocera indica
and Aristeus alcocki, deep-sea shrimp from Indian waters. J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol.
15(2): 5-16.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2006b). Recovery of carotenoids from
shrimp waste in organic solvents. Waste Manage. 26: 1092-1098.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N., Siddegowda, G.S., Sathisha, A.D. and. Suresh, P.V. (2007).
Recovery of carotenoids from ensiled shrimp waste. Biores. Technol. 98: 1642-1646.
Sakaguchi, M., Murata, M. and Kawai, A. (1982). Taurine levels in some tissues of yellowtail
(Seriola quinqueradiatd) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Agric. Biol. Chem. 46:
2857-2858.
Olaizola, M. (2008). The production and health benefi ts of astaxanthin. In: Marine
Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Nutraceutical Food Science and Technology,
Volume 7. C. Barrow and F. Shahidi (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl., USA pp.
321-344.
Raa, J. and Gildberg, A. (1982). Fish Silage. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci .Nutr. 16(4): 383-491.
Ragunath, M.R. and Gopakumar, K. (2002). Trends in production and utilization of fi sh
silage. J. Food Sci. Tech. 39: 03-110.
Ramesh, H.P., Viswanatha, S.and Taranathan, R.N. (2004). Safety evaluation of formulations
containing carboxymethyl derivatives of starch and chitosan in albino rats. Carbohyd.
Polym. 58: 435-441.
Ramirez, A. (2007). Salmon by-product proteins. FAO Fish. Circ. No. 1027, Food and Agric.
Org., Rome, Italy.
Ramirez-Coutino L, Carmen M, Cervantes M, Huerta S, Revah S and Shirai K. (2006).
Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin in the production of oligosaccharides using Lecanicillium
fungicola chitinases. Process Biochem. 41: 1106-1110.
Rao, M.S. and Stevens, W.F. (2005). Chitin production by Lactobacillus fermentation of shrimp
biowaste in a drum reactor and its chemical conversion to chitosan. J. Chem. Technol.
Biotechnol. 80: 1080-1087.
Rao, M.S., Munoz, J. and Stevens, W.F. (2000). Critical factors in chitin production by
fermentation of shrimp biowaste. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54: 808-813.
Rattanakit, N., Plikomol, A., Yano, S., Wakayama, M. and Takashi Tachiki, T. (2002). Utilization
of shrimp shellfi sh waste as a substrate for solid-state cultivation of Aspergillus sp.
S 1-13: Evaluation of a culture based on chitinase formation which is necessary for chitinassimilation. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 93: 550-556.
Rojas Avelizapa, L.I., CruzCamarillo, R., Guerrero, M.I., RodriguezVazquez, R. and Ibarra,
J.E. (1999). Selection and characterization of a proteo-chitinolytic strain of Bacillus
thuringiensis, able to grow in shrimp waste media. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15:
261-268.
Rustad, T. (2003). Utilization of marine by-products. Electronic J. Environ. Agri. Food Chem.
2 (4): 458-463.
Sachindra, N.M. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2005). Extractability of carotenoids from shrimp
waste in vegetable oils and process optimization. Biores. Technol. 96: 1195-1200.
Sachindra, N.M. and Bhaskar, N. (2008). In-vitro antioxidant activity of liquor from fermented
shrimp biowaste. Bires. Technol. 99: 9013-9016.
Sachindra, N.M., Rao, Lalitha S. and Sripathy, N.V. (1994). Ensilaging of prawn carapace by
lactic fermentation. Seafood Exp. J. 25(13): 13-16.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N., Sathisha, A.D. and Sakhare, P.Z. (2004). Collagen in different
body components of Indian Major Carps (IMCs) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Presented at the 16th Indian Convention of Food Scientists and Technologists, December
10-11, 2004, Mysore, India.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2005a). Carotenoids in different body
components of Indian shrimps. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85: 165-172.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2005b). Carotenoids in crabs of marine
and freshwaters of India. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 38: 221-225.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2006a). Carotenoids in Solonocera indica
and Aristeus alcocki, deep-sea shrimp from Indian waters. J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol.
15(2): 5-16.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N. and Mahendrakar, N.S. (2006b). Recovery of carotenoids from
shrimp waste in organic solvents. Waste Manage. 26: 1092-1098.
Sachindra, N.M., Bhaskar, N., Siddegowda, G.S., Sathisha, A.D. and. Suresh, P.V. (2007).
Recovery of carotenoids from ensiled shrimp waste. Biores. Technol. 98: 1642-1646.
Sakaguchi, M., Murata, M. and Kawai, A. (1982). Taurine levels in some tissues of yellowtail
(Seriola quinqueradiatd) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Agric. Biol. Chem. 46:
2857-2858.