Table 9.6 Treatment based on the use of microorganisms for fi sh waste remediation (parameters, quality control and results)
No.
Kind of
waste
Treatment
Parameters
Methdology
Quality control methods
Results
Refferences
1.
Crab
waste
Ensiling of
crab waste and
wheat straw
treatment
with different
additives
pH,Lactic acid,
water-soluble
carbohydrates(WSC),
volatile fatty acids
(VFA), terimithylamine, dry matter, Kjeldahl nitrogen, neutral
detergent fi ber (NDF),
acid detergent fi ber
(ADF), lignin, cellulose,
ash, hemicellulose
1. small silo experiments:
Experiment 1.
Crab waste and wheat
straw (1:1,wet basis )
were ensiled with 0-20%
dry molasses, 0-0.1% microbial silage inoculant,
and 0-5.4% phosphoric
acid or 0-20% water
Experiment 2.
10-20% dry molasses, 0
or 0.1% microbial silage
innoculant, and 0 or 20%
water were added to crab
waste and wheat straw
(1:1, wet basis) mixture
2. Large silo experiments:
Crab waste and wheat
straw (1:1 proportions)
were ensiled with 20%
dry molasses, 20% dry
molasses and 0.1% microbial silage inoculant, and
16% glacial acetic acid
1. pH: electrometically
2. Lactic acid: Banker and Summerson,
1941, as modifi ed by Pennington and
Sutherland (1956)
3. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC):
Dubois et al., 1956 as adapted for corn
plants by Johnson et al. (1966)
4. Volatile fetty acids (VFA): GC
5. Trimethyl-amine according to a colorimetric procedure (Dryer, 1959) after
extraction in 7.5% trichloroacetic acid
6. Dry metter: by drying duplicate
200g samples in a forceddraft oven
at a maximum of 60°C for 48 h. The
sample were analyzed for DM and
ash (AOAC, 1980)
7. Kjeldahl nitrogen (N): was detemined
on wet silage samples (AOAC, 1980)
8. Neutral detergent fi ber (NDF) Van
Soest and Wine, 1967
9. Acid detergent fi ber (ADF): Van Soest,
1963
10. Lignin and Cellulose: Van Soest and
Wine, 1968
11. Ash: AOAC, 1980
12. Hemicellulose: was determined by
different (NDF-ADF)
Small silo experiments:
1. Lower TMA for
molasses - and
inoculant- treated silages upto 8.0-19.0%
(Experiment 1)
2. Higher VFA, acetic,
propionic, and
isobutyric acid concentrations in mixtures with added
water and molasses
(Experiment 2).
3. 10-20% dry molasses
to crab-straw mixtures before ensiling
resulted in substentials amount of lactic
acid (Experiment 2).
Large silo experiments:
Higher lactic acid
concentration (12.76%
dry matter) for ensiled
mixture with added
20% molasses and 0.1%
inculant, compared to
molasses alone
Abazinge
et al., 1993
No.
Kind of
waste
Treatment
Parameters
Methdology
Quality control methods
Results
Refferences
1.
Crab
waste
Ensiling of
crab waste and
wheat straw
treatment
with different
additives
pH,Lactic acid,
water-soluble
carbohydrates(WSC),
volatile fatty acids
(VFA), terimithylamine, dry matter, Kjeldahl nitrogen, neutral
detergent fi ber (NDF),
acid detergent fi ber
(ADF), lignin, cellulose,
ash, hemicellulose
1. small silo experiments:
Experiment 1.
Crab waste and wheat
straw (1:1,wet basis )
were ensiled with 0-20%
dry molasses, 0-0.1% microbial silage inoculant,
and 0-5.4% phosphoric
acid or 0-20% water
Experiment 2.
10-20% dry molasses, 0
or 0.1% microbial silage
innoculant, and 0 or 20%
water were added to crab
waste and wheat straw
(1:1, wet basis) mixture
2. Large silo experiments:
Crab waste and wheat
straw (1:1 proportions)
were ensiled with 20%
dry molasses, 20% dry
molasses and 0.1% microbial silage inoculant, and
16% glacial acetic acid
1. pH: electrometically
2. Lactic acid: Banker and Summerson,
1941, as modifi ed by Pennington and
Sutherland (1956)
3. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC):
Dubois et al., 1956 as adapted for corn
plants by Johnson et al. (1966)
4. Volatile fetty acids (VFA): GC
5. Trimethyl-amine according to a colorimetric procedure (Dryer, 1959) after
extraction in 7.5% trichloroacetic acid
6. Dry metter: by drying duplicate
200g samples in a forceddraft oven
at a maximum of 60°C for 48 h. The
sample were analyzed for DM and
ash (AOAC, 1980)
7. Kjeldahl nitrogen (N): was detemined
on wet silage samples (AOAC, 1980)
8. Neutral detergent fi ber (NDF) Van
Soest and Wine, 1967
9. Acid detergent fi ber (ADF): Van Soest,
1963
10. Lignin and Cellulose: Van Soest and
Wine, 1968
11. Ash: AOAC, 1980
12. Hemicellulose: was determined by
different (NDF-ADF)
Small silo experiments:
1. Lower TMA for
molasses - and
inoculant- treated silages upto 8.0-19.0%
(Experiment 1)
2. Higher VFA, acetic,
propionic, and
isobutyric acid concentrations in mixtures with added
water and molasses
(Experiment 2).
3. 10-20% dry molasses
to crab-straw mixtures before ensiling
resulted in substentials amount of lactic
acid (Experiment 2).
Large silo experiments:
Higher lactic acid
concentration (12.76%
dry matter) for ensiled
mixture with added
20% molasses and 0.1%
inculant, compared to
molasses alone
Abazinge
et al., 1993