CHAPTER 15 . Toxic Effects of Organometallic Compounds towards Marine Biota
379
Table 15.21 summarizes the data obtained, from which it was possible to conclude
that: (1) the liver was contaminated with concentrations of butyltin ranging from to
0.04 to 2.1 mg Sn kg-Ion a dry weight basis, and (2) the contamination with tributyltin
derivatives of the mammals of the St. Lawrence did not decrease in the last 10 years
after regulating the use of TBT-based antifoulants on small crafts.
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca
(M.LU.R), Roma, and by Universita di Palermo, is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Abel EW, Stone FGA, Wilkinson G (eds) (1995) Comprehensive organometallic chemistry II. Pergamon,
Oxford
Arakawa Y, Wada S (1993) Biological properties of alkyltin compounds. In: Sigel H, Sigel A (eds) Metal
ions in biological systems, vol XXIX. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 101-136
Barbieri R, Pellerito L, Ruisi G, Barbieri-Paulsen A, Barone G, Posante S, Rossi M (2000) 119Sn Mossbauer
spectroscopy studies on the interaction of organotin(IV) salts and complexes with biological systems and molecules. In: Gianguzza A, Pelizzetti E, Sammartano S (eds) Chemical processes in marine environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 229-244
Bech M (1999) Increasing levels of tributyl-induced imposex in muricid gastropods at Phuket Island,
Thailand. Appl Organomet Chern 13:799-804
Cardellicchio N, Geraci S, Marra C, Paterno P (1992) Determination of tributyltin oxide in coastal marine sediments and mussels by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Appl Organomet
Chern 6:241-246
Champ MA, Seligman PF (eds) (1996) Organotin: Environmental fate and effects. Chapman and Hall,
London
Cima F, Ballarin L (1999) TBT - induced apoptosis in tunicate haemocytes. Appl Organomet Chern 13:697-703
Cima F, Ballarin L, Bressa G, Sabbadin A (1995) Immunotoxicity ofbutyltins in tunicates.Appl Organomet
Chern 9:567-572
Cooper EL,Arizza V, Cammarata M, Pellerito L, Parrinello N (1995) Tributyltin affects phagocytic activity of Ciona intestinalis hemocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol112C:285-289
Crompton TR (1998) Occurrence and analysis of organometallic compounds in the environment. John
Wiley and Sons, Chichester
Cullen WR, Harrison LG, Li H, Hewitt G(1994) Bioaccumulation and excretion of arsenic compounds
by a marine unicellular alga, Polyphysa peniculus. Appl Organomet Chern 8:313-324
De Mora SJ (ed) (1996) Tributyltin: Case history of an environmental contaminant. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Edmonds JS, Shibata Y, Francesconi KA, Rippingale RJ, Morita M (1997),Arsenic transformations in short
marine food chains studied by HPLC-ICP MS. Appl Organomet Chern 11:281-288
Focardi S, Corsolini S,Aurigi S, Pecetti G, Sanchez-Hernandez JC (2000) Accumulation ofbutyltin compounds in dolphins stranded along the Mediterranean coasts. Appl Organomet Chern 14:48-56
Francesconi KA, Edmonds JS, Stick RV (1992), Arsenocholine from anaerobic decomposition of a
trimethylarsonioriboside. Appl Organomet Chern 6:247-249
Francesconi KA, Hunter DA, Bachmann B, Raber G, Goessler W (1999) Uptake and transformation of
arsenosugars in the shrimp crangon. Appl Organomet Chern 13:669-680
Gailer J, Francesconi KA, Edmonds JS, Irgolic KJ (1995) Metabolism of arsenic compounds by the blue
mussel Mytilus edulis after accumulation from seawater spiked with arsenic compounds. Appl
Organomet Chern 9:341-356
Garman GD, Pillai MC, Cherr GN (1993) Inhibition of cellular events during early algal gametophyte
development: Effects of select metals and an aqueous petroleum waste. Aquat ToxicoI28(1-2):127-144
Gianguzza M, Dolcemascolo G, Mansueto C, Pellerito L (1996), Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride exposure on larvae of Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata): An ultrastructural study. Appl Organomet Chern
lO:405-413
Goessler W, Rudorfer A, Mackey EA, Becker PR, Irgolic KJ (1998) Determination of arsenic compounds
in marine mammals with high-performance liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometer as element-specific detector. Appl Organomet Chern 12:491-502
379
Table 15.21 summarizes the data obtained, from which it was possible to conclude
that: (1) the liver was contaminated with concentrations of butyltin ranging from to
0.04 to 2.1 mg Sn kg-Ion a dry weight basis, and (2) the contamination with tributyltin
derivatives of the mammals of the St. Lawrence did not decrease in the last 10 years
after regulating the use of TBT-based antifoulants on small crafts.
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca
(M.LU.R), Roma, and by Universita di Palermo, is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Abel EW, Stone FGA, Wilkinson G (eds) (1995) Comprehensive organometallic chemistry II. Pergamon,
Oxford
Arakawa Y, Wada S (1993) Biological properties of alkyltin compounds. In: Sigel H, Sigel A (eds) Metal
ions in biological systems, vol XXIX. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 101-136
Barbieri R, Pellerito L, Ruisi G, Barbieri-Paulsen A, Barone G, Posante S, Rossi M (2000) 119Sn Mossbauer
spectroscopy studies on the interaction of organotin(IV) salts and complexes with biological systems and molecules. In: Gianguzza A, Pelizzetti E, Sammartano S (eds) Chemical processes in marine environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 229-244
Bech M (1999) Increasing levels of tributyl-induced imposex in muricid gastropods at Phuket Island,
Thailand. Appl Organomet Chern 13:799-804
Cardellicchio N, Geraci S, Marra C, Paterno P (1992) Determination of tributyltin oxide in coastal marine sediments and mussels by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Appl Organomet
Chern 6:241-246
Champ MA, Seligman PF (eds) (1996) Organotin: Environmental fate and effects. Chapman and Hall,
London
Cima F, Ballarin L (1999) TBT - induced apoptosis in tunicate haemocytes. Appl Organomet Chern 13:697-703
Cima F, Ballarin L, Bressa G, Sabbadin A (1995) Immunotoxicity ofbutyltins in tunicates.Appl Organomet
Chern 9:567-572
Cooper EL,Arizza V, Cammarata M, Pellerito L, Parrinello N (1995) Tributyltin affects phagocytic activity of Ciona intestinalis hemocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol112C:285-289
Crompton TR (1998) Occurrence and analysis of organometallic compounds in the environment. John
Wiley and Sons, Chichester
Cullen WR, Harrison LG, Li H, Hewitt G(1994) Bioaccumulation and excretion of arsenic compounds
by a marine unicellular alga, Polyphysa peniculus. Appl Organomet Chern 8:313-324
De Mora SJ (ed) (1996) Tributyltin: Case history of an environmental contaminant. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Edmonds JS, Shibata Y, Francesconi KA, Rippingale RJ, Morita M (1997),Arsenic transformations in short
marine food chains studied by HPLC-ICP MS. Appl Organomet Chern 11:281-288
Focardi S, Corsolini S,Aurigi S, Pecetti G, Sanchez-Hernandez JC (2000) Accumulation ofbutyltin compounds in dolphins stranded along the Mediterranean coasts. Appl Organomet Chern 14:48-56
Francesconi KA, Edmonds JS, Stick RV (1992), Arsenocholine from anaerobic decomposition of a
trimethylarsonioriboside. Appl Organomet Chern 6:247-249
Francesconi KA, Hunter DA, Bachmann B, Raber G, Goessler W (1999) Uptake and transformation of
arsenosugars in the shrimp crangon. Appl Organomet Chern 13:669-680
Gailer J, Francesconi KA, Edmonds JS, Irgolic KJ (1995) Metabolism of arsenic compounds by the blue
mussel Mytilus edulis after accumulation from seawater spiked with arsenic compounds. Appl
Organomet Chern 9:341-356
Garman GD, Pillai MC, Cherr GN (1993) Inhibition of cellular events during early algal gametophyte
development: Effects of select metals and an aqueous petroleum waste. Aquat ToxicoI28(1-2):127-144
Gianguzza M, Dolcemascolo G, Mansueto C, Pellerito L (1996), Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride exposure on larvae of Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata): An ultrastructural study. Appl Organomet Chern
lO:405-413
Goessler W, Rudorfer A, Mackey EA, Becker PR, Irgolic KJ (1998) Determination of arsenic compounds
in marine mammals with high-performance liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometer as element-specific detector. Appl Organomet Chern 12:491-502