CHAPTER 15 . Toxic Effects of Organometallic Compounds towards Marine Biota
375
Table 1 S.18. Concentration, ng rl for whole molecule, ofbutyltin compounds in sea water and mussel
tissue samples from Genova oil Port (adapted from Rivaro et al. 1999)
July
September
October
December
February
May
1977
1977
1977
1997
1998
1998
Unfiltered
Total butyltin
1308
1843
1237
314
1906
680
TBT
528 ±15
1200 ±21
734 ±28
225±18
629 ±14
297 ±4
DBT
571 ±12
518 ±29
290±7
41 ±4
1029 ±19
21O±8
MBT
209 ±21
124±14
213 ±13
48±3
249±2
173 ±15
Filtered
Total butyltin
603
1541
1175
288
1471
580
TBT
161 ±20
1041 ±95
724±3
200±9
394 ±37
222 ±15
DBT
296 ±30
384 ±38
238 ±16
40±2
872 ±1
185 ±10
MBT
146±15
116 ±10
213 ± 11
48 ±4
205 ±6
173±15
Whole tissues
Total butyltin
4.61
11.03
8.46
3.62
6.85
2.18
TBT
2.50 ±0.25
5.79 ±0.28
3.29 ±0.33
0.73 ±0.07
3.36 ±0.02
0.89 ±0.08
DBT
1.57 ±0.14
3.08 ±0.01
3.72 ±0.07
1.04 ±0.11
2.84 ±0.12
0.69 ±0.06
MBT
0.54 ±0.01
2.19 ±0.12
1.45 ±0.03
1.85 ±0.18
0.65 ±0.01
0.60 ±0.01
Gills
Total butyltin
13.73
16.03
11.40
7.07
12.46
3.63
TBT
6.52 ±0.13
7.59 ±0.56
6.02 ±0.22
2.54 ±0.11
5.94 ±0.03
1.21 ±0.06
DBT
3.70 ±0.03
5.84 ±0.37
3.38 ±0.18
2.32 ±0.24
5.40 ±0.03
0.84 ±0.04
MBT
3.51 ±0.03
2.60 ±0.01
2.00 ±0.06
2.21 ±0.01
1.12 ±0.12
1.58 ±0.08
Digestive glands
T ota I butylti n
6.47
4.46
3.82
3.70
6.68
2.50
TBT
2.76 ±0.11
2.46 ±0.08
2.03 ±0.02
1.66 ±0.17
2.75 ±0.02
1.20 ±0.10
DBT
2.05 ±0.16
1.15 ±0.07
0.83 ±0.04
0.19 ±0.04
3.34 ±0.04 0.52 ±0.06
MBT
1.66 ±0.10
0.85 ±0.01
0.95 ±0.01
1.85 ±0.02
0.69 ±0.03
0.78 ±0.03
Table 15.19 clearly shows that both the incidence and distribution of imposex dramatically increased from 1996 to 1998, from 10 stations up to 18 stations. A similar trend
was found using Thais bitubercularis and Morula musiva as indicators.
Butyltin derivatives, namely tributyltin and its degradation products, dibutyltin and
monobutyltin, were present in higher concentrations in the kidney, with respect to the
liver, of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) and in a fetus of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphi) found stranded
along the western Italian and Greek coasts in the 1992-1994 period (Table 15.20)
(Focardi et al. 2000).
375
Table 1 S.18. Concentration, ng rl for whole molecule, ofbutyltin compounds in sea water and mussel
tissue samples from Genova oil Port (adapted from Rivaro et al. 1999)
July
September
October
December
February
May
1977
1977
1977
1997
1998
1998
Unfiltered
Total butyltin
1308
1843
1237
314
1906
680
TBT
528 ±15
1200 ±21
734 ±28
225±18
629 ±14
297 ±4
DBT
571 ±12
518 ±29
290±7
41 ±4
1029 ±19
21O±8
MBT
209 ±21
124±14
213 ±13
48±3
249±2
173 ±15
Filtered
Total butyltin
603
1541
1175
288
1471
580
TBT
161 ±20
1041 ±95
724±3
200±9
394 ±37
222 ±15
DBT
296 ±30
384 ±38
238 ±16
40±2
872 ±1
185 ±10
MBT
146±15
116 ±10
213 ± 11
48 ±4
205 ±6
173±15
Whole tissues
Total butyltin
4.61
11.03
8.46
3.62
6.85
2.18
TBT
2.50 ±0.25
5.79 ±0.28
3.29 ±0.33
0.73 ±0.07
3.36 ±0.02
0.89 ±0.08
DBT
1.57 ±0.14
3.08 ±0.01
3.72 ±0.07
1.04 ±0.11
2.84 ±0.12
0.69 ±0.06
MBT
0.54 ±0.01
2.19 ±0.12
1.45 ±0.03
1.85 ±0.18
0.65 ±0.01
0.60 ±0.01
Gills
Total butyltin
13.73
16.03
11.40
7.07
12.46
3.63
TBT
6.52 ±0.13
7.59 ±0.56
6.02 ±0.22
2.54 ±0.11
5.94 ±0.03
1.21 ±0.06
DBT
3.70 ±0.03
5.84 ±0.37
3.38 ±0.18
2.32 ±0.24
5.40 ±0.03
0.84 ±0.04
MBT
3.51 ±0.03
2.60 ±0.01
2.00 ±0.06
2.21 ±0.01
1.12 ±0.12
1.58 ±0.08
Digestive glands
T ota I butylti n
6.47
4.46
3.82
3.70
6.68
2.50
TBT
2.76 ±0.11
2.46 ±0.08
2.03 ±0.02
1.66 ±0.17
2.75 ±0.02
1.20 ±0.10
DBT
2.05 ±0.16
1.15 ±0.07
0.83 ±0.04
0.19 ±0.04
3.34 ±0.04 0.52 ±0.06
MBT
1.66 ±0.10
0.85 ±0.01
0.95 ±0.01
1.85 ±0.02
0.69 ±0.03
0.78 ±0.03
Table 15.19 clearly shows that both the incidence and distribution of imposex dramatically increased from 1996 to 1998, from 10 stations up to 18 stations. A similar trend
was found using Thais bitubercularis and Morula musiva as indicators.
Butyltin derivatives, namely tributyltin and its degradation products, dibutyltin and
monobutyltin, were present in higher concentrations in the kidney, with respect to the
liver, of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) and in a fetus of the common dolphin (Delphinus delphi) found stranded
along the western Italian and Greek coasts in the 1992-1994 period (Table 15.20)
(Focardi et al. 2000).