25 2
C. De Stefano· C. Foti . A. Gianguzza . D. Piazzese . S. Sammartano
Fiol S, Vilarifio T, Herrero RF, Sastre de Vicente ME, Arce F (1998) Protonation constants of valine, serine, and j3-alanine in artificial seawater at 25 DC. J Chern Eng Data 43:393-395
Fogg GF (1975) Primary productivity. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography, 2nd edn.
Academic Press, New York, pp 346-444
Foti C, Gianguzza A, Millero FJ, Sammartano S (1999) The speciation of (CH3hSn 2 + in electrolyte solution containing the major components of natural waters. Aquatic Geochem 5:381-398
Foti C, Gianguzza A, Piazzese D, Trifiletti G (2000) Inorganic speciation of organotin(IV) cations in
natural waters with particular references to seawater. Chern Spec Bioavail12(2):1-12
Garrels RM, Thompson ME (1962) A chemical model for sea water at T = 25°C and one atmosphere total pressure. Am J Sci 260:57-66
Hansson I (1972) An analytical approach to the carbonate system seawater. Thesis, G0teborg
Hershey JP, Millero FJ, Fernandez M (1989) The ionization of phosphoric acid in NaCI and NaMgCl solutions at 25°C. J Solution Chern 18:875-892
Johansson 0, Wedborg M (1979) Stability constants of phosphoric acid in seawater of 5-40%0 salinity
and temperatures of 5-25 °c. Mar Chern 8:57-69
Johansson 0, Wedborg M (1985) Determination of the stability constant for acetic acid in synthetic
seawater media at various temperatures and salinities. J Solution Chern 14:431-439
Johnson KS, Pytckowicz RM (1979) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, vol I. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL, pp 1-61
Kester DR, Pytkowicz RM (1967) Determination of the apparent dissociation constants of phosphoric
acid in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr 12:243-252
Kester DR, Duedall IW, Connors DN, Pytkowicz RM (1967) Preparation of artificial seawater. Limnol
Oceanogr 12:176-178
Khoo KH, Ramette RW, Culberson CH, Bates RG (1977) Determination of hydrogen ion concentrations in
seawater from 5 to 40°C: Standard potentials at salinities from 20 to 45. Analytical Chern 49(1):29-34
Lee C, Wakeham SG (1989) Organic matter in sea water: Biogeochemical processes. In: Riley JP (ed)
Chemical oceanography, vol IX. Academic Press, New York
Lyman J, Fleming RH (1940) Composition of seawater. J Mar Res J:l34-146
Martell AE, Smith RM (1997) Stability constants of metal complexes, NIST PC-based database. National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Mikita MA, Steenlink C, Wershaw RL (1981) Carbon-13 enriched Nuclear Magnetic Resonance method
for the determination of hydroxyl functionality in humic substances. Anal Chern 5J:l715
Millero FJ (1974) Seawater as a multi-component electrolyte solution. In: Goldberg ED (ed) The Sea, vol V.
Wiley, New York
Millero FJ (1990) Marine solution chemistry and ionic interactions. Mar Chern 30:205-229
Millero FJ (1996) Chemical oceanography, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Millero FJ, Schreiber DR (1982) Use of the ion pairing model to estimate activity coefficients of the ionic
components of natural waters. Am J Sci 282:1508-1540
Perrin DD (1979) Stability constants of metal ions complexes. Part B: Organic ligands. IUPAC (Chemical Data Series No. 22)
Pettit LD, Powell KJ (1997) IUPAC stability constants database. Academic Software, Outlay, UK
Pitzer KS (1991) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Pytkowicz RM, Hawley JE (1974) Bicarbonate and carbonate ion-pairs and a model of seawater at 25°C.
Limnol Oceanogr 19:223-234
Sillen LG, Martell AE (1964) Stability constants. The Chemical Society, London (Special Publication No. 17)
Sillen LG, Martell AE (1971) Stability constants. The Chemical Society, London (Special Publication No. 25)
Spencer CP (1975) The micronutrient elements. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography,
2nd edn. Academic Press, New York, pp 245-295
Stephens GC (1972) Amino acid accumulation and assimilation in marine organism. In: Campbell JW,
Goldstein L (eds) Nitrogen metabolism and the environment. Academic Press, London, pp 155-184
Stevenson FJ, Butler JHA (1969) In: Eglinton G, Murphy MTJ (eds) Organic geochemistry. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin
Stumm W, Brauner PA (1975) Chemical speciation. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography,
2nd edn, vol I. Academic Press, New York, pp 173-234
Tobias RS, Farrer H, Hughes M, Nevett BA (1966) Hydrolysis of the aquo ions R3Sn+ and R2Sn 2 +: Steric
effects on the dissociation of aquo acids. Inorg Chern 5:2052-2055
Tuschall JR, Brezonik PL (1980) Characterization of organic nitrogen in natural water: Its molecular
size, protein content, and interaction with heavy metals. Limnol Oceanogr 25:495-504
Williams PM (1971) Organic compounds in aquatic environment. Marcel Dekker, New York
C. De Stefano· C. Foti . A. Gianguzza . D. Piazzese . S. Sammartano
Fiol S, Vilarifio T, Herrero RF, Sastre de Vicente ME, Arce F (1998) Protonation constants of valine, serine, and j3-alanine in artificial seawater at 25 DC. J Chern Eng Data 43:393-395
Fogg GF (1975) Primary productivity. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography, 2nd edn.
Academic Press, New York, pp 346-444
Foti C, Gianguzza A, Millero FJ, Sammartano S (1999) The speciation of (CH3hSn 2 + in electrolyte solution containing the major components of natural waters. Aquatic Geochem 5:381-398
Foti C, Gianguzza A, Piazzese D, Trifiletti G (2000) Inorganic speciation of organotin(IV) cations in
natural waters with particular references to seawater. Chern Spec Bioavail12(2):1-12
Garrels RM, Thompson ME (1962) A chemical model for sea water at T = 25°C and one atmosphere total pressure. Am J Sci 260:57-66
Hansson I (1972) An analytical approach to the carbonate system seawater. Thesis, G0teborg
Hershey JP, Millero FJ, Fernandez M (1989) The ionization of phosphoric acid in NaCI and NaMgCl solutions at 25°C. J Solution Chern 18:875-892
Johansson 0, Wedborg M (1979) Stability constants of phosphoric acid in seawater of 5-40%0 salinity
and temperatures of 5-25 °c. Mar Chern 8:57-69
Johansson 0, Wedborg M (1985) Determination of the stability constant for acetic acid in synthetic
seawater media at various temperatures and salinities. J Solution Chern 14:431-439
Johnson KS, Pytckowicz RM (1979) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, vol I. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL, pp 1-61
Kester DR, Pytkowicz RM (1967) Determination of the apparent dissociation constants of phosphoric
acid in seawater. Limnol Oceanogr 12:243-252
Kester DR, Duedall IW, Connors DN, Pytkowicz RM (1967) Preparation of artificial seawater. Limnol
Oceanogr 12:176-178
Khoo KH, Ramette RW, Culberson CH, Bates RG (1977) Determination of hydrogen ion concentrations in
seawater from 5 to 40°C: Standard potentials at salinities from 20 to 45. Analytical Chern 49(1):29-34
Lee C, Wakeham SG (1989) Organic matter in sea water: Biogeochemical processes. In: Riley JP (ed)
Chemical oceanography, vol IX. Academic Press, New York
Lyman J, Fleming RH (1940) Composition of seawater. J Mar Res J:l34-146
Martell AE, Smith RM (1997) Stability constants of metal complexes, NIST PC-based database. National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Mikita MA, Steenlink C, Wershaw RL (1981) Carbon-13 enriched Nuclear Magnetic Resonance method
for the determination of hydroxyl functionality in humic substances. Anal Chern 5J:l715
Millero FJ (1974) Seawater as a multi-component electrolyte solution. In: Goldberg ED (ed) The Sea, vol V.
Wiley, New York
Millero FJ (1990) Marine solution chemistry and ionic interactions. Mar Chern 30:205-229
Millero FJ (1996) Chemical oceanography, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Millero FJ, Schreiber DR (1982) Use of the ion pairing model to estimate activity coefficients of the ionic
components of natural waters. Am J Sci 282:1508-1540
Perrin DD (1979) Stability constants of metal ions complexes. Part B: Organic ligands. IUPAC (Chemical Data Series No. 22)
Pettit LD, Powell KJ (1997) IUPAC stability constants database. Academic Software, Outlay, UK
Pitzer KS (1991) Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Pytkowicz RM, Hawley JE (1974) Bicarbonate and carbonate ion-pairs and a model of seawater at 25°C.
Limnol Oceanogr 19:223-234
Sillen LG, Martell AE (1964) Stability constants. The Chemical Society, London (Special Publication No. 17)
Sillen LG, Martell AE (1971) Stability constants. The Chemical Society, London (Special Publication No. 25)
Spencer CP (1975) The micronutrient elements. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography,
2nd edn. Academic Press, New York, pp 245-295
Stephens GC (1972) Amino acid accumulation and assimilation in marine organism. In: Campbell JW,
Goldstein L (eds) Nitrogen metabolism and the environment. Academic Press, London, pp 155-184
Stevenson FJ, Butler JHA (1969) In: Eglinton G, Murphy MTJ (eds) Organic geochemistry. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin
Stumm W, Brauner PA (1975) Chemical speciation. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography,
2nd edn, vol I. Academic Press, New York, pp 173-234
Tobias RS, Farrer H, Hughes M, Nevett BA (1966) Hydrolysis of the aquo ions R3Sn+ and R2Sn 2 +: Steric
effects on the dissociation of aquo acids. Inorg Chern 5:2052-2055
Tuschall JR, Brezonik PL (1980) Characterization of organic nitrogen in natural water: Its molecular
size, protein content, and interaction with heavy metals. Limnol Oceanogr 25:495-504
Williams PM (1971) Organic compounds in aquatic environment. Marcel Dekker, New York