CHAPTER 1 • Sea Water as an Electrolyte
Normalized calcium (mM)
Fig. 1.3. The normalized concentration (to S = 35) of Ca 2 + in
the Pacific Ocean as a function
of depth (Millero 1996)
10.30
10.34
10.38
10.42
o
o 0
1000 Io 80
2=[
8 0
i 3=
00
00
0
4000 Io 0
o 0
5000 I8 00
Table 1.1. Composition of one kilogram of natural sea water" and with a C/ = 19.3740/00 and pH = 8.1
(Millero 1996)
Species
Molality (C/ = 19.374)
9/C/
M;
9;
m;
e;
n;Z;2/C/
Na+
0.556614
22.9898
10.7838
0.46907
0.46907
0.46907
Mg2+
0.066260
24.3050
1.2837
0.05282
0.10563
0.21127
Ca 2 +
0.021270
40.0780
0.4121
0.01028
0.02056
0.04113
K+
0.020600
39.0983
0.3991
0.01021
0.01021
0.01021
5?+
0.000410
87.6200
0.0079
0.00009
0.00017
0.00035
CI
0.998910
35.4527
19.3529
0.54588
0.54588
0.54588
50;0.140000
96.0636
2.7124
0.02824
0.05648
0.11295
HCO~
0.005524
61.0171
0.1070
0.00175
0.00175
0.00175
-
Br
0.003470
79.9040
0.0672
0.00084
0.00084
0.00084
CO~0.000830
60.0092
0.0161
0.00027
0.00054
0.00107
B(OH)~
0.000407
78.8404
0.0079
0.00010
0.00010
0.00010
F
0.000067
18.9984
0.0013
0.00007
0.00007
0.00007
OH
0.000007
17.0034
0.0001
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1/2L=
0.028895
35.1515
0.55981
0.60565
0.69735
B(OH)3
0.000996
61.8322
0.G193
0.00031
0.00031
L=
1.815402
35.171
0.56012
0.60596
0.69735
a For average sea water 5 = 35, CI = 19.374, pH sws = 8.1, TA = 2.400 mmol kg - 1, and t = 25 T .