122
J. I. Hedges
Bordovskiy KO (1965) Accumulation and transformation of organic substances in marine sediments.
Part I and II. Mar Geol 3:3-34
Broecker WS (1970) A boundary condition on the evolution of atmospheric oxygen. J Geophys Res 75:3553-3557
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the Sea. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades,
New York
Buckley DE, Cranston RE (1988) Early diagenesis in deep-sea turbidities: The imprint of paleo-oxidation zones. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:2925-2939
Calvert SE, Pedersen TF (1992) Organic carbon accumulation and preservation in marine sediments:
How important is anoxia? In: Whelan J, Farrington JW (eds) Organic matter. University Press, New
York, pp 231-263
Canfield DE (1989) Sulfate reduction and oxic respiration in marine sediments: implications for organic
carbon preservation in euxinic environments. Deep-Sea Res 6:121-138
Canfield DE (1994) Factors influencing organic carbon preservation in marine sediments. Chern Geol
114:315-329
Capellen P Van, Ingall ED (1996) Redox stabilization of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorus-limited marine productivity. Science 271:493-496
Cowie GL (1990) Marine organic diagenesis: A comparative study of amino acids, neutral sugars and
lignin. PhD dissertation, University of Washington
Cowie GL, Hedges JI (1994) Biochemical indicators of diagenetic alteration in natural organic matter
mixtures. Nature 369:304-307
Cowie GL, Hedges JI, Prahl FG, de Lange GJ (1995) Elemental and major biochemical changes across an
oxidation front in a relict turbidite: An oxygen effect. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:33-46
Demaison GJ, Moore GT (1980) Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis. Am Assoc Petrol Geol
Bull 64:1179-1209
Des Marais DJ (1997) Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Proterozoic Eon.
Org Geochem 27:185-193
Doyle LJ, Garrels RM (1985) What does percent organic carbon in sediments measure? Geo-Mar Let 5:51-53
Emerson S, Hedges JI (1988) Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments.
Paleoceanography 3:621-634
Emerson S, Stump C, Grootes PM, Stuiver M, Farwell GW, Schmidt FH (1987) Estimates of degradable
organic carbon in deep-sea sediments from 14C concentrations. Nature 329:51-53
Furukawa Y (2000) Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and electron energyloss spectroscopy (EELS) investigation of clay-organic matter aggregates in aquatic sediments. Org
Geochem 31:735-744
Garrels RM, Lerman A (1981) Phanerozoic cycles of sedimentary carbon and sulfur. Proc Nat! Acad Sci
78:4652-4656
Garrels RM, Lerman A (1984) Coupling the sedimentary sulfur and carbon cycles-an improved mode.
Am J Sci 284:989-1007
Garrels RM, Perry AE (1974) Cycling of carbon, sulfur and oxygen through geologic time. In: Goldberg
ED (ed) The Sea, vol V. Wiley, New York, pp 303-316
Garrels RM, Lerman A, Mackenzie FT (1976) Controls on atmospheric O2 and CO2: Past, present, and
future. Amer Sci 64:306-315
Graneshram RS, Calvert SE, Pedersen TF, Cowie GL (1999) Factors controlling the burial of organic carbon in laminated and bioturbated sediments of NW Mexico: Implications for hydrocarbon preservation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:1723-1734
Hartnett HE, Keil RG, Hedges JI, Devol AH (1998) Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon
preservation in continental margin sediments. Nature 391:572-574
Heath GR, Moore TC, Dauphin JP (1977) Organic carbon in deep-sea sediments. In: Andersen NR
Malahoff A (eds) The fate of fossil fuel CO2 in the Oceans. Plenum, New York, pp 605-625
Hedges JI, Keil RG (1995) Sedimentary organic matter preservation: An assessment and speculative synthesis. Mar Chern 49:81-115
Hedges JI, Hu FS, Devol AH, Hartnett HE, Keil RG (1999) Sedimentary organic matter preservation: A
test for selective oxic degradation. Am J Sci 299:529-555
Henrichs SM (1992) The early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments: Progress and perplexity. Mar Chern 39:119-149
Holland HD (1973) Systematics of the isotope composition of sulfur in the oceans during the Phanerozoic and its implications for atmospheric oxygen. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:2605-2616
Hunt JM (1996) Petroleum geochemistry and geology. Freeman, New York
Jones TP, Chaloner WG (1991) Fossil charcoal, its recognition and paleoatmospheric significance. Global Planet Change 97:39-50
Kaiser K, Guggenberger G (2000) The role of DOM sorption to mineral surfaces in the preservation of
organic matter in soils. Org Geochem 31:711-725
J. I. Hedges
Bordovskiy KO (1965) Accumulation and transformation of organic substances in marine sediments.
Part I and II. Mar Geol 3:3-34
Broecker WS (1970) A boundary condition on the evolution of atmospheric oxygen. J Geophys Res 75:3553-3557
Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the Sea. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades,
New York
Buckley DE, Cranston RE (1988) Early diagenesis in deep-sea turbidities: The imprint of paleo-oxidation zones. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:2925-2939
Calvert SE, Pedersen TF (1992) Organic carbon accumulation and preservation in marine sediments:
How important is anoxia? In: Whelan J, Farrington JW (eds) Organic matter. University Press, New
York, pp 231-263
Canfield DE (1989) Sulfate reduction and oxic respiration in marine sediments: implications for organic
carbon preservation in euxinic environments. Deep-Sea Res 6:121-138
Canfield DE (1994) Factors influencing organic carbon preservation in marine sediments. Chern Geol
114:315-329
Capellen P Van, Ingall ED (1996) Redox stabilization of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorus-limited marine productivity. Science 271:493-496
Cowie GL (1990) Marine organic diagenesis: A comparative study of amino acids, neutral sugars and
lignin. PhD dissertation, University of Washington
Cowie GL, Hedges JI (1994) Biochemical indicators of diagenetic alteration in natural organic matter
mixtures. Nature 369:304-307
Cowie GL, Hedges JI, Prahl FG, de Lange GJ (1995) Elemental and major biochemical changes across an
oxidation front in a relict turbidite: An oxygen effect. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:33-46
Demaison GJ, Moore GT (1980) Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis. Am Assoc Petrol Geol
Bull 64:1179-1209
Des Marais DJ (1997) Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Proterozoic Eon.
Org Geochem 27:185-193
Doyle LJ, Garrels RM (1985) What does percent organic carbon in sediments measure? Geo-Mar Let 5:51-53
Emerson S, Hedges JI (1988) Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments.
Paleoceanography 3:621-634
Emerson S, Stump C, Grootes PM, Stuiver M, Farwell GW, Schmidt FH (1987) Estimates of degradable
organic carbon in deep-sea sediments from 14C concentrations. Nature 329:51-53
Furukawa Y (2000) Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and electron energyloss spectroscopy (EELS) investigation of clay-organic matter aggregates in aquatic sediments. Org
Geochem 31:735-744
Garrels RM, Lerman A (1981) Phanerozoic cycles of sedimentary carbon and sulfur. Proc Nat! Acad Sci
78:4652-4656
Garrels RM, Lerman A (1984) Coupling the sedimentary sulfur and carbon cycles-an improved mode.
Am J Sci 284:989-1007
Garrels RM, Perry AE (1974) Cycling of carbon, sulfur and oxygen through geologic time. In: Goldberg
ED (ed) The Sea, vol V. Wiley, New York, pp 303-316
Garrels RM, Lerman A, Mackenzie FT (1976) Controls on atmospheric O2 and CO2: Past, present, and
future. Amer Sci 64:306-315
Graneshram RS, Calvert SE, Pedersen TF, Cowie GL (1999) Factors controlling the burial of organic carbon in laminated and bioturbated sediments of NW Mexico: Implications for hydrocarbon preservation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:1723-1734
Hartnett HE, Keil RG, Hedges JI, Devol AH (1998) Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon
preservation in continental margin sediments. Nature 391:572-574
Heath GR, Moore TC, Dauphin JP (1977) Organic carbon in deep-sea sediments. In: Andersen NR
Malahoff A (eds) The fate of fossil fuel CO2 in the Oceans. Plenum, New York, pp 605-625
Hedges JI, Keil RG (1995) Sedimentary organic matter preservation: An assessment and speculative synthesis. Mar Chern 49:81-115
Hedges JI, Hu FS, Devol AH, Hartnett HE, Keil RG (1999) Sedimentary organic matter preservation: A
test for selective oxic degradation. Am J Sci 299:529-555
Henrichs SM (1992) The early diagenesis of organic matter in marine sediments: Progress and perplexity. Mar Chern 39:119-149
Holland HD (1973) Systematics of the isotope composition of sulfur in the oceans during the Phanerozoic and its implications for atmospheric oxygen. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37:2605-2616
Hunt JM (1996) Petroleum geochemistry and geology. Freeman, New York
Jones TP, Chaloner WG (1991) Fossil charcoal, its recognition and paleoatmospheric significance. Global Planet Change 97:39-50
Kaiser K, Guggenberger G (2000) The role of DOM sorption to mineral surfaces in the preservation of
organic matter in soils. Org Geochem 31:711-725