General Properties, Occurrence, and Preparation
1.2
97
51. Szejtli J (1976) Stärke 29: 26; (1978) 30: 427;
(1981) 33:387
52. Oguma T, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi M (1993)
Biosci Biotech Biochem 57:1225
53. Côté G, Biely P (1994) Eur J Biochem 226:641
54. Aga H, Nishimoto T, Kuniyoshi M, Maruta K,
Yamashita H, Higashiyama T, Nakada T, Kubota M, Fukuda S, Krimoto M, Tsujisaka Y (2003)
J Biosci Bioeng 95:215
55. Kim Y-K, Kitaoka M, Hayashi K, Kim C-H,
Côté GL (2003) Carbohydr Res 338:2213
56. Takaha T, Yanase M, Takata H, Okada S, Smith
SM (1996) J Biol Chem 271:2902
57. Takata H, Takaha T, Okada S, Takagi M, Imanka T (1996) J Bacteriol 178:1600; Gorin PAF,
Spencer JFT, Westlake DWS (1961) Can J
Chem 39:1067; Zevenhuizen LPTM, ScholtenKoerselman HJ (1979) Antonie Leewenhoek
45:165; York WS, McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1980) J Bacteriol 142:243; Da Castro JM, Bruneteau M, Mutaftshiev S, Truchet
G, Michel G (1983) FEMS Microbiol Lett
18:269
58. McIntire FC, Peterson WH, Riker AJ (1942)
J Biol Chem 143:491
59. Dylan T, Helinski DR, Ditta GS (1990) J Bacteriol 172:1400; Cangelosi GA, Hung L, Pvanesarajah V, Stacey G, Ozga DA, Leigh JA, Nester
EW (1987) J Bacteriol 169:2086
60. Miller KJ, Gore RS, Johnson R, Benesi AJ,
Reinhold VN (1990) J Bacteriol 172:136; Rolin
DB, Pfeffer PE, Osman SF, Szergold BS, Kappler F, Benesi AJ (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta
1116:215
61. Pfeffer PE, Osman SF, Hotchkiss A, Bhagwat
AA, Keister DL, Valentine KM (1996) Carbohydr Res 296:23
62. O’Sullivan AC (1997) Cellulose 4:173
63. Marchessault RH, Sundararajan PR (1983) In:
Aspinall GO (ed) The Polysaccharides, vol. 2.
Academic Press, San Diego, pp 25–65
64. Hess K, Mahl G, Gütter E (1957) Kolloid Z
155:1
65. Ross P, Mayer R, Benziman M (1991) Microbiol
Rev 55:35
66. Hus DS, Reeves RE (1967) Carbohydr Res
5:202
67. Aspinall GO, Krishnamurthy TN, Rosell K-G
(1977) Carbohydr Res 55:11
68. Aspinall GO (1959) Adv Carbohydr Chem
14:429
69. Timell TE (1964) Adv Carbohydr Chem 19:247;
(1965) 20:409
70. Aspinall GO, Molloy A, Craig JWT (1969)
Can J Biochem 47:1063; Gould SEB, Rees DA,
Wright NJ (1971) Biochem J 124:47
71. Bauer WD, Talmadge KW, Keestra K, Albersheim P (1973) Plant Physiol 51:174
72. Timell TE (1964) Adv Carbohydr Chem 19:247;
(1965) 20:409
73. Stephen AM (1983) Other Plant Polysaccharides. In: Aspinall GO (ed) The Polysaccharides,
vol. 2. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 166–169
74. Saka S (1990) Xyloglucans and Xylans. In: Hon
DN-S, Shiraishi N (eds) Wood Cellulosic Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 59–88
75. Rolin C (1993) Pectin. In: Whistler RL,
BeMiller JN (eds) Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, 3rd edn. Academic
Press, San Diego, pp 257–282
76. Karrer P, Francois G (1929) Helv Chem Acta
12:986
77. Ward K Jr, Seib PA (1970) Chitin. In: Pigman
W, Horton D (eds) The Carbohydrates, vol. IIA.
Academic Press, New York, pp 435–437
78. Rudall KM (1963) Adv Insect Physiol 1:257
79. Horton D, Lineback DR (1965) Methods Carbohydr Chem 5:403
80. Ueno H, Mori T, Fujinaga T (2001) Adv Drug
Deliv Rev 52:105
81. Sanford PA (1989) Applications of Chitosan. In:
Skjåk-Bræk G, Anthonsen T, Sanford PA (eds)
Chitin and Chitosan. Elsevier Applied Science,
London, pp 51–69
82. Vorlop KD, Klein J (1981) Biotech Lett 3:9
83. Jeon Y-J, Shahid F, Kim S-K (2000) Food Revs
Int 16:159
84. Vandenberg GW, De La Noue J (2001)
J Microencap 18:433
85. Jeanloz RW, Sharon N, Flowers HM (1963)
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 13:20
86. Tipper DJ, Ghuysen J-M, Strominger JL (1965)
Biochemistry 4:468
87. Sharon N, Osawa T, Flowers HM, Jeanloz RW
(1966) J Biol Chem 242:223
88. Tipper DJ, Strominger JL (1966) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 22:48
89. Krulwich TA, Ensign JC, Tipper DJ, Strominger
JL (1967) J Bacteriol 94:734
90. Ghuysen J-M (1968) Bacteriol Rev 32:425
91. Weidel W, Pelzer H (1964) Adv Enzymol 26:193
92. Fransson L-Å (1985) Mammalian Polysaccharides. In: Aspinall GO (ed) The Polysaccharides,
vol. 3. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 338–386
93. Casu B (1985) Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem
43:51
1.2
97
51. Szejtli J (1976) Stärke 29: 26; (1978) 30: 427;
(1981) 33:387
52. Oguma T, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi M (1993)
Biosci Biotech Biochem 57:1225
53. Côté G, Biely P (1994) Eur J Biochem 226:641
54. Aga H, Nishimoto T, Kuniyoshi M, Maruta K,
Yamashita H, Higashiyama T, Nakada T, Kubota M, Fukuda S, Krimoto M, Tsujisaka Y (2003)
J Biosci Bioeng 95:215
55. Kim Y-K, Kitaoka M, Hayashi K, Kim C-H,
Côté GL (2003) Carbohydr Res 338:2213
56. Takaha T, Yanase M, Takata H, Okada S, Smith
SM (1996) J Biol Chem 271:2902
57. Takata H, Takaha T, Okada S, Takagi M, Imanka T (1996) J Bacteriol 178:1600; Gorin PAF,
Spencer JFT, Westlake DWS (1961) Can J
Chem 39:1067; Zevenhuizen LPTM, ScholtenKoerselman HJ (1979) Antonie Leewenhoek
45:165; York WS, McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1980) J Bacteriol 142:243; Da Castro JM, Bruneteau M, Mutaftshiev S, Truchet
G, Michel G (1983) FEMS Microbiol Lett
18:269
58. McIntire FC, Peterson WH, Riker AJ (1942)
J Biol Chem 143:491
59. Dylan T, Helinski DR, Ditta GS (1990) J Bacteriol 172:1400; Cangelosi GA, Hung L, Pvanesarajah V, Stacey G, Ozga DA, Leigh JA, Nester
EW (1987) J Bacteriol 169:2086
60. Miller KJ, Gore RS, Johnson R, Benesi AJ,
Reinhold VN (1990) J Bacteriol 172:136; Rolin
DB, Pfeffer PE, Osman SF, Szergold BS, Kappler F, Benesi AJ (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta
1116:215
61. Pfeffer PE, Osman SF, Hotchkiss A, Bhagwat
AA, Keister DL, Valentine KM (1996) Carbohydr Res 296:23
62. O’Sullivan AC (1997) Cellulose 4:173
63. Marchessault RH, Sundararajan PR (1983) In:
Aspinall GO (ed) The Polysaccharides, vol. 2.
Academic Press, San Diego, pp 25–65
64. Hess K, Mahl G, Gütter E (1957) Kolloid Z
155:1
65. Ross P, Mayer R, Benziman M (1991) Microbiol
Rev 55:35
66. Hus DS, Reeves RE (1967) Carbohydr Res
5:202
67. Aspinall GO, Krishnamurthy TN, Rosell K-G
(1977) Carbohydr Res 55:11
68. Aspinall GO (1959) Adv Carbohydr Chem
14:429
69. Timell TE (1964) Adv Carbohydr Chem 19:247;
(1965) 20:409
70. Aspinall GO, Molloy A, Craig JWT (1969)
Can J Biochem 47:1063; Gould SEB, Rees DA,
Wright NJ (1971) Biochem J 124:47
71. Bauer WD, Talmadge KW, Keestra K, Albersheim P (1973) Plant Physiol 51:174
72. Timell TE (1964) Adv Carbohydr Chem 19:247;
(1965) 20:409
73. Stephen AM (1983) Other Plant Polysaccharides. In: Aspinall GO (ed) The Polysaccharides,
vol. 2. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 166–169
74. Saka S (1990) Xyloglucans and Xylans. In: Hon
DN-S, Shiraishi N (eds) Wood Cellulosic Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 59–88
75. Rolin C (1993) Pectin. In: Whistler RL,
BeMiller JN (eds) Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, 3rd edn. Academic
Press, San Diego, pp 257–282
76. Karrer P, Francois G (1929) Helv Chem Acta
12:986
77. Ward K Jr, Seib PA (1970) Chitin. In: Pigman
W, Horton D (eds) The Carbohydrates, vol. IIA.
Academic Press, New York, pp 435–437
78. Rudall KM (1963) Adv Insect Physiol 1:257
79. Horton D, Lineback DR (1965) Methods Carbohydr Chem 5:403
80. Ueno H, Mori T, Fujinaga T (2001) Adv Drug
Deliv Rev 52:105
81. Sanford PA (1989) Applications of Chitosan. In:
Skjåk-Bræk G, Anthonsen T, Sanford PA (eds)
Chitin and Chitosan. Elsevier Applied Science,
London, pp 51–69
82. Vorlop KD, Klein J (1981) Biotech Lett 3:9
83. Jeon Y-J, Shahid F, Kim S-K (2000) Food Revs
Int 16:159
84. Vandenberg GW, De La Noue J (2001)
J Microencap 18:433
85. Jeanloz RW, Sharon N, Flowers HM (1963)
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 13:20
86. Tipper DJ, Ghuysen J-M, Strominger JL (1965)
Biochemistry 4:468
87. Sharon N, Osawa T, Flowers HM, Jeanloz RW
(1966) J Biol Chem 242:223
88. Tipper DJ, Strominger JL (1966) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 22:48
89. Krulwich TA, Ensign JC, Tipper DJ, Strominger
JL (1967) J Bacteriol 94:734
90. Ghuysen J-M (1968) Bacteriol Rev 32:425
91. Weidel W, Pelzer H (1964) Adv Enzymol 26:193
92. Fransson L-Å (1985) Mammalian Polysaccharides. In: Aspinall GO (ed) The Polysaccharides,
vol. 3. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 338–386
93. Casu B (1985) Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem
43:51