46
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Scholander, P.F., L. Irving, and S.W. Grinnell. 1942. Aerobic and anaerobic changes in seal muscle
during diving. Journal of Biological Chemistry 142:431–440.
Shaffer, S.A., D.P. Costa, T.M. Williams, and S.H. Ridgway. 1997. Diving and swimming performance
of white whales, Delphinapterus leucas: An assessment of plasma lactate and blood gas levels
and respiratory rates. Journal of Experimental Biology 200:3091–3099.
Simpson, J.G., W.G. Gilmartin, and S.H. Ridgway. 1970. Blood volume and other hematologic values in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). American Journal of Veterinary Research
31:14449–14452.
Sleet, R.B., J.L. Sumich, and L.J. Weber. 1981. Estimates of total blood volume and total body weight
of sperm whale (Physeter catodon). Canadian Journal of Zoology 59:567–570.
Thometz, N.M., M. Murray, and T.M. Williams. 2015. Ontogeny of oxygen storage capacity and diving ability in the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis): Costs and benefits of large lungs.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88:311–327.
Thompson, D. and M.A. Fedak. 1993. Cardiac responses of grey seals during diving at sea. Journal of
Experimental Biology 174:139–164.
Thorson, P.H. and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1994. Developmental aspects of diving in northern elephant seal
pups. In: B.J. Le Boeuf and R.M. Laws, eds., Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and
Physiology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Turner, A.W. and V.E. Hodgetts. 1959. The dynamic red cell storage function of the spleen in sheep.
I. Relationship to fluctuations of jugular hematocrit. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology
37:399–420.
Villegas-Amtmann, S. and D.P. Costa. 2010. Oxygen stores plasticity linked to foraging behaviour
and pregnancy in a diving predator, the Galapagos sea lion. Functional Ecology 24(4):785–795.
Weise, M.J. and D.P. Costa. 2007. Total body oxygen stores and physiological diving capacity of
California sea lions as a function of sex and age. Journal of Experimental Biology 210:278–289.
Williams, C.L., J.U. Meir, and P.J. Ponganis. 2011. What triggers the aerobic dive limit? Muscle oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:1801–1812.
Williams, T.M., W.A. Friedl, M.L. Fong, R.M. Yamada, P. Sedivy, and J.E. Haun. 1992. Travel at low
energetic cost by swimming and wave-riding bottlenose dolphins. Nature 355:821–823.
Williams, T.M., J.E. Haun, and W.A. Friedl. 1999. The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus). I. Balancing the demands of exercise for energy conservation at depth.
Journal of Experimental Biology 202:2739–2748.
Williams, T.M., S.R. Noren, and M. Glenn. 2011. Extreme physiological adaptations as predictors
of climate-change sensitivity in the narwhal, Monodon monoceros. Marine Mammal Science
27(2):334–349.
Zapol, W.M. 1987. Diving adaptations of the Weddell seal. Scientific American 256(6):100–105.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Scholander, P.F., L. Irving, and S.W. Grinnell. 1942. Aerobic and anaerobic changes in seal muscle
during diving. Journal of Biological Chemistry 142:431–440.
Shaffer, S.A., D.P. Costa, T.M. Williams, and S.H. Ridgway. 1997. Diving and swimming performance
of white whales, Delphinapterus leucas: An assessment of plasma lactate and blood gas levels
and respiratory rates. Journal of Experimental Biology 200:3091–3099.
Simpson, J.G., W.G. Gilmartin, and S.H. Ridgway. 1970. Blood volume and other hematologic values in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). American Journal of Veterinary Research
31:14449–14452.
Sleet, R.B., J.L. Sumich, and L.J. Weber. 1981. Estimates of total blood volume and total body weight
of sperm whale (Physeter catodon). Canadian Journal of Zoology 59:567–570.
Thometz, N.M., M. Murray, and T.M. Williams. 2015. Ontogeny of oxygen storage capacity and diving ability in the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis): Costs and benefits of large lungs.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88:311–327.
Thompson, D. and M.A. Fedak. 1993. Cardiac responses of grey seals during diving at sea. Journal of
Experimental Biology 174:139–164.
Thorson, P.H. and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1994. Developmental aspects of diving in northern elephant seal
pups. In: B.J. Le Boeuf and R.M. Laws, eds., Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and
Physiology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Turner, A.W. and V.E. Hodgetts. 1959. The dynamic red cell storage function of the spleen in sheep.
I. Relationship to fluctuations of jugular hematocrit. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology
37:399–420.
Villegas-Amtmann, S. and D.P. Costa. 2010. Oxygen stores plasticity linked to foraging behaviour
and pregnancy in a diving predator, the Galapagos sea lion. Functional Ecology 24(4):785–795.
Weise, M.J. and D.P. Costa. 2007. Total body oxygen stores and physiological diving capacity of
California sea lions as a function of sex and age. Journal of Experimental Biology 210:278–289.
Williams, C.L., J.U. Meir, and P.J. Ponganis. 2011. What triggers the aerobic dive limit? Muscle oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:1801–1812.
Williams, T.M., W.A. Friedl, M.L. Fong, R.M. Yamada, P. Sedivy, and J.E. Haun. 1992. Travel at low
energetic cost by swimming and wave-riding bottlenose dolphins. Nature 355:821–823.
Williams, T.M., J.E. Haun, and W.A. Friedl. 1999. The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus). I. Balancing the demands of exercise for energy conservation at depth.
Journal of Experimental Biology 202:2739–2748.
Williams, T.M., S.R. Noren, and M. Glenn. 2011. Extreme physiological adaptations as predictors
of climate-change sensitivity in the narwhal, Monodon monoceros. Marine Mammal Science
27(2):334–349.
Zapol, W.M. 1987. Diving adaptations of the Weddell seal. Scientific American 256(6):100–105.