44
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Gentry, R.L. and G.L. Kooyman, eds. 1986. Fur Seals: Maternal Strategies on Land and at Sea. Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press.
Guppy, M., R.D. Hill, G.C. Liggins, W.M. Zapol, and P.W. Hochachka. 1986. Micro-computer
assisted metabolic studies of voluntary diving of Weddell seals. American Journal of Physiology
250:175–187.
Guyton, G.P., K.S. Stanek, R.C. Schneider et al. 1995. Myoglobin-saturation in free-diving Weddell
seals. Journal of Applied Physiology 79:1148–1155.
Hassrick, J.L., D.E. Crocker, N.M. Teutschel et al. 2010. Condition and mass impact oxygen stores
and dive duration in adult female northern elephant seals. Journal of Experimental Biology
213(4):585–592.
Hill, R.D. 1986. Microcomputer monitor and blood sampler for free-diving Weddell seals
Leptonychotes weddelli. Journal of Applied Physiology 61:1570–1576.
Hill, R.D., R.C. Schneider, G.C. Liggins et al. 1987. Heart rate and body temperature during free diving of Weddell seals. American Journal of Physiology 253:R344–R351.
Hindle, A.G., B.L. Young, D.A.S. Rosen, M. Haulena, and A.W. Trites. 2010. Dive response differs
between shallow- and deep-diving Steller sea lions. Journal of Expermental Marine Biology and
Ecology 394:141–148.
Kerem, D. and R. Elsner. 1973. Cerebral tolerance to asphyxial hypoxia in the harbor seal. Respiration
Physiology 19:188–200.
Kooyman, G.L. 1973. Respiratory adaptations in marine mammals. American Zoologist 13:457–468.
Kooyman, G.L. 1989. Diverse divers physiology and behavior. In: D.S. Farner, ed., Zoophysiology,
Vol. 23. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Kooyman, G.L., M.A. Castellini, R.W. Davis, and R.A. Maue. 1983. Aerobic dive limits in immature
Weddell seals. Journal of Comparative Physiology 151:171–174.
Kooyman, G.L., D.H. Kerem, W.B. Campbell, and J.J. Wright. 1973. Pulmonary gas exchange in freely
diving Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli). Respiration Physiology 17:283–290.
Kooyman, G.L. and P.J. Ponganis. 1998. The physiological basis of diving to depth: Birds and mammals. Annual Review of Physiology 60:19–32.
Kooyman, G.L. and E.E. Sinnett. 1982. Pulmonary shunts in harbor seals and sea lions during simulated dives to depth. Physiological Zoology 55:105–111.
Kooyman, G.L., E.A. Wahrenbrock, M.A. Castellini, R.W. Davis, and E.E. Sinnett. 1980. Aerobic and
anaerobic metabolism during diving in Weddell seals: Evidence of preferred pathways from
blood chemistry and behavior. Journal of Comparative Physiology 138:335–346.
Lenfant, C., K. Johansen, and J.D. Torrance. 1970. Gas transport and oxygen storage capacity in some
pinnipeds and the sea otter. Respiration Physiology 9:277–286.
Lockyer, C. 1976. Body weights of some species of large whales. Journal du Conseil/Conseil Permanent
International pour l’Exploration de la Mer 36:259–273.
Masuda, K., T. Kent, L. Ping-Chang et al. 2008. Determination of myoglobin concentration in blood
perfused tissue. European Journal of Applied Physiology 104:41–48.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2012. Lung collapse in the diving sea lion: Hold the nitrogen and
save the oxygen. Biology Letters 8(6):1047–1049.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2013. Insights from venous oxygen profiles: Oxygen utilization
and management in diving California sea lions. Journal of Experimental Biology 216:3332–3341.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2014. Deep-diving sea lions exhibit extreme bradycardia in longduration dives. Journal of Experimental Biology 217:1525–1534.
Meir, J.U., C.D. Champagne, D.P. Costa, C.L. Williams, and P.J. Ponganis. 2009. Extreme hypoxemic
tolerance and blood oxygen depletion in diving elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297(4):R927–R939.
Meir, J.U. and P.J. Ponganis. 2009. High-affinity hemoglobin and blood oxygen saturation in diving
emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 212(20):3330–3338.
Miller, P.J., M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, and E.A. Terray. 2004. Swimming gait, passive drag and buoyancy of diving sperm whales. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:1953–1967.
Neshumova, T.V. and V.A. Cherepanova. 1984. Blood supply and myoglobin stocks in muscles of
the seal Pusa siberica and muskrat Ondatra zibethica. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and
Physiology 20:282–287.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Gentry, R.L. and G.L. Kooyman, eds. 1986. Fur Seals: Maternal Strategies on Land and at Sea. Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press.
Guppy, M., R.D. Hill, G.C. Liggins, W.M. Zapol, and P.W. Hochachka. 1986. Micro-computer
assisted metabolic studies of voluntary diving of Weddell seals. American Journal of Physiology
250:175–187.
Guyton, G.P., K.S. Stanek, R.C. Schneider et al. 1995. Myoglobin-saturation in free-diving Weddell
seals. Journal of Applied Physiology 79:1148–1155.
Hassrick, J.L., D.E. Crocker, N.M. Teutschel et al. 2010. Condition and mass impact oxygen stores
and dive duration in adult female northern elephant seals. Journal of Experimental Biology
213(4):585–592.
Hill, R.D. 1986. Microcomputer monitor and blood sampler for free-diving Weddell seals
Leptonychotes weddelli. Journal of Applied Physiology 61:1570–1576.
Hill, R.D., R.C. Schneider, G.C. Liggins et al. 1987. Heart rate and body temperature during free diving of Weddell seals. American Journal of Physiology 253:R344–R351.
Hindle, A.G., B.L. Young, D.A.S. Rosen, M. Haulena, and A.W. Trites. 2010. Dive response differs
between shallow- and deep-diving Steller sea lions. Journal of Expermental Marine Biology and
Ecology 394:141–148.
Kerem, D. and R. Elsner. 1973. Cerebral tolerance to asphyxial hypoxia in the harbor seal. Respiration
Physiology 19:188–200.
Kooyman, G.L. 1973. Respiratory adaptations in marine mammals. American Zoologist 13:457–468.
Kooyman, G.L. 1989. Diverse divers physiology and behavior. In: D.S. Farner, ed., Zoophysiology,
Vol. 23. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Kooyman, G.L., M.A. Castellini, R.W. Davis, and R.A. Maue. 1983. Aerobic dive limits in immature
Weddell seals. Journal of Comparative Physiology 151:171–174.
Kooyman, G.L., D.H. Kerem, W.B. Campbell, and J.J. Wright. 1973. Pulmonary gas exchange in freely
diving Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli). Respiration Physiology 17:283–290.
Kooyman, G.L. and P.J. Ponganis. 1998. The physiological basis of diving to depth: Birds and mammals. Annual Review of Physiology 60:19–32.
Kooyman, G.L. and E.E. Sinnett. 1982. Pulmonary shunts in harbor seals and sea lions during simulated dives to depth. Physiological Zoology 55:105–111.
Kooyman, G.L., E.A. Wahrenbrock, M.A. Castellini, R.W. Davis, and E.E. Sinnett. 1980. Aerobic and
anaerobic metabolism during diving in Weddell seals: Evidence of preferred pathways from
blood chemistry and behavior. Journal of Comparative Physiology 138:335–346.
Lenfant, C., K. Johansen, and J.D. Torrance. 1970. Gas transport and oxygen storage capacity in some
pinnipeds and the sea otter. Respiration Physiology 9:277–286.
Lockyer, C. 1976. Body weights of some species of large whales. Journal du Conseil/Conseil Permanent
International pour l’Exploration de la Mer 36:259–273.
Masuda, K., T. Kent, L. Ping-Chang et al. 2008. Determination of myoglobin concentration in blood
perfused tissue. European Journal of Applied Physiology 104:41–48.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2012. Lung collapse in the diving sea lion: Hold the nitrogen and
save the oxygen. Biology Letters 8(6):1047–1049.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2013. Insights from venous oxygen profiles: Oxygen utilization
and management in diving California sea lions. Journal of Experimental Biology 216:3332–3341.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2014. Deep-diving sea lions exhibit extreme bradycardia in longduration dives. Journal of Experimental Biology 217:1525–1534.
Meir, J.U., C.D. Champagne, D.P. Costa, C.L. Williams, and P.J. Ponganis. 2009. Extreme hypoxemic
tolerance and blood oxygen depletion in diving elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297(4):R927–R939.
Meir, J.U. and P.J. Ponganis. 2009. High-affinity hemoglobin and blood oxygen saturation in diving
emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 212(20):3330–3338.
Miller, P.J., M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, and E.A. Terray. 2004. Swimming gait, passive drag and buoyancy of diving sperm whales. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:1953–1967.
Neshumova, T.V. and V.A. Cherepanova. 1984. Blood supply and myoglobin stocks in muscles of
the seal Pusa siberica and muskrat Ondatra zibethica. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and
Physiology 20:282–287.