264
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Cahill, J.A., R.E. Green, T.L. Fulton et al. 2013. Genomic evidence for island population conversion
resolves conflicting theories of polar bear evolution. PLoS Genetics 9:e1003345.
Chapla, M.E., D.P. Nowacek, S.A. Rommel, and V.M. Sadler. 2007. CT scans and 3D reconstructions of Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) heads and ear bones. Hearing Research
228:123–135.
Chittka, L. and A. Brockmann. 2005. Perception space—The final frontier. PLoS Biology 3 (4):e137.
Clark, C.W. 1990. Acoustic behavior of mysticete whales. In Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans, eds.
J. Thomas, and R. Kastelein. New York: Plenum Press.
Clark, C.W., W.T. Ellison, B.L. Southall et al. 2009. Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: Intuitions,
analysis, and implication. Marine Ecology Progress Series 395:201–222.
Cook, M.L.H., R.A. Varela, J.D. Goldstein et al. 2006. Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 192 (5):489–495.
Cranford, T.W. 1992. Functional morphology of the odontocete forehead: Implications for sound
generation. Dissertation, Department of Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, CA.
Cranford, T.W. 2000. In search of impulse sound sources in odontocetes. In Hearing by Whales and
Dolphins, eds. W.W.L. Au, A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Cunningham, K.A., B.L. Southall, and C. Reichmuth. 2014. Auditory sensitivity of seals and sea lions
in complex listening scenarios. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136 3410–3421.
Eriksen, N. and B. Pakkenberg. 2007. Total neocortical cell number in the mysticete brain. Anatomical
Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 290 (1):83–95.
Finneran, J.J., D.S. Houser, B. Mase-Guthrie, R.Y. Ewing, and R.G. Lingenfelser. 2009. Auditory
evoked potentials in a stranded Gervais’ beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus). Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America 126 (1):484–490.
Finneran, J.J., C.E. Schlundt, D.A. Carder, and S.H. Ridgway. 2002. Auditory filter shapes for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) derived with
notched noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112 (1):322–328.
Fleischer, G. 1978. Evolutionary principles of the mammalian middle ear. Advances in Anatomy,
Embryology and Cell Biology 55:1–70.
Gaspard J.C. III, G.B. Bauer, R.L. Reep et al. 2012. Audiogram and auditory critical ratios of two
Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology 215:1442–1447.
Gentry L. 1967. Underwater auditory localization in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).
Journal of Auditory Research 7:187–193.
Gerstein, E.R., L. Gerstein, S.E. Forsythe, and J.E. Blue. 1999. The underwater audiogram of the West
Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105 (6):3575–3583.
Ghoul, A. and C. Reichmuth. 2014. Hearing in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Auditory profiles for an
amphibious marine carnivore. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 200 (11):967–981.
Hatch, L.T., C.W. Clark, S.M. Van Parijs, A.S. Frankel, and D.W. Ponirakis. 2012. Quantifying loss
of acoustic communication space for right whales in and around a U.S. National Marine
Sanctuary. Conservation Biology 26 (6):983–994.
Hemilä, S., S. Nummela, A. Berta, and T. Reuter. 2006. High-frequency hearing in phocid and otariid pinnipeds: An interpretation based on inertial and cochlear constraints (L). Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America 120 (6):3463–3466.
Herman, M. and W.R. Arbeit. 1972. Frequency difference limens in the bottlenosed dolphin: 1–70
KC/S. Journal of Auditory Research 2:109–120.
Holt, M.M., A. Ghoul, and C. Reichmuth. 2012. Temporal summation of airborne tones in a California
sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132 (5):3569–3575.
Holt, M.M., D.P. Noren, V. Veirs, C.K. Emmons, and S. Veirs. 2008. Speaking up: Killer whales
(Orcinus orca) increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America 125 (1):EL27–EL32.
Houser, D.S. and J.J. Finneran. 2006. Variation in the hearing sensitivity of a dolphin population
obtained through the use of evoked potential audiometry. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America 120 (6):4090–4099.
Houser, D.S., J.J. Finneran, D.A. Carder et al. 2004. Structural and functional imaging of bottlenose
dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) cranial anatomy. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:3657–3665.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Cahill, J.A., R.E. Green, T.L. Fulton et al. 2013. Genomic evidence for island population conversion
resolves conflicting theories of polar bear evolution. PLoS Genetics 9:e1003345.
Chapla, M.E., D.P. Nowacek, S.A. Rommel, and V.M. Sadler. 2007. CT scans and 3D reconstructions of Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) heads and ear bones. Hearing Research
228:123–135.
Chittka, L. and A. Brockmann. 2005. Perception space—The final frontier. PLoS Biology 3 (4):e137.
Clark, C.W. 1990. Acoustic behavior of mysticete whales. In Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans, eds.
J. Thomas, and R. Kastelein. New York: Plenum Press.
Clark, C.W., W.T. Ellison, B.L. Southall et al. 2009. Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: Intuitions,
analysis, and implication. Marine Ecology Progress Series 395:201–222.
Cook, M.L.H., R.A. Varela, J.D. Goldstein et al. 2006. Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 192 (5):489–495.
Cranford, T.W. 1992. Functional morphology of the odontocete forehead: Implications for sound
generation. Dissertation, Department of Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, CA.
Cranford, T.W. 2000. In search of impulse sound sources in odontocetes. In Hearing by Whales and
Dolphins, eds. W.W.L. Au, A.N. Popper, and R.R. Fay. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Cunningham, K.A., B.L. Southall, and C. Reichmuth. 2014. Auditory sensitivity of seals and sea lions
in complex listening scenarios. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136 3410–3421.
Eriksen, N. and B. Pakkenberg. 2007. Total neocortical cell number in the mysticete brain. Anatomical
Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 290 (1):83–95.
Finneran, J.J., D.S. Houser, B. Mase-Guthrie, R.Y. Ewing, and R.G. Lingenfelser. 2009. Auditory
evoked potentials in a stranded Gervais’ beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus). Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America 126 (1):484–490.
Finneran, J.J., C.E. Schlundt, D.A. Carder, and S.H. Ridgway. 2002. Auditory filter shapes for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) derived with
notched noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112 (1):322–328.
Fleischer, G. 1978. Evolutionary principles of the mammalian middle ear. Advances in Anatomy,
Embryology and Cell Biology 55:1–70.
Gaspard J.C. III, G.B. Bauer, R.L. Reep et al. 2012. Audiogram and auditory critical ratios of two
Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology 215:1442–1447.
Gentry L. 1967. Underwater auditory localization in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).
Journal of Auditory Research 7:187–193.
Gerstein, E.R., L. Gerstein, S.E. Forsythe, and J.E. Blue. 1999. The underwater audiogram of the West
Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105 (6):3575–3583.
Ghoul, A. and C. Reichmuth. 2014. Hearing in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Auditory profiles for an
amphibious marine carnivore. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 200 (11):967–981.
Hatch, L.T., C.W. Clark, S.M. Van Parijs, A.S. Frankel, and D.W. Ponirakis. 2012. Quantifying loss
of acoustic communication space for right whales in and around a U.S. National Marine
Sanctuary. Conservation Biology 26 (6):983–994.
Hemilä, S., S. Nummela, A. Berta, and T. Reuter. 2006. High-frequency hearing in phocid and otariid pinnipeds: An interpretation based on inertial and cochlear constraints (L). Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America 120 (6):3463–3466.
Herman, M. and W.R. Arbeit. 1972. Frequency difference limens in the bottlenosed dolphin: 1–70
KC/S. Journal of Auditory Research 2:109–120.
Holt, M.M., A. Ghoul, and C. Reichmuth. 2012. Temporal summation of airborne tones in a California
sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132 (5):3569–3575.
Holt, M.M., D.P. Noren, V. Veirs, C.K. Emmons, and S. Veirs. 2008. Speaking up: Killer whales
(Orcinus orca) increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise. Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America 125 (1):EL27–EL32.
Houser, D.S. and J.J. Finneran. 2006. Variation in the hearing sensitivity of a dolphin population
obtained through the use of evoked potential audiometry. Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America 120 (6):4090–4099.
Houser, D.S., J.J. Finneran, D.A. Carder et al. 2004. Structural and functional imaging of bottlenose
dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) cranial anatomy. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:3657–3665.