39
0-8493-1123-3/03/$0.00+$1.50
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
The External
Morphology,
Musculoskeletal System,
and Neuro–Anatomy
of Sea Turtles
Jeanette Wyneken
CONTENTS
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................40
2.2 External Anatomy .........................................................................................40
2.2.1 Scales and Scutes ..............................................................................42
2.2.2 Axial Body: Shell, Head, Neck, and Tail .........................................43
2.2.3 Appendages: Flippers and Hind Limbs ............................................47
2.3 Skeletal Anatomy ..........................................................................................47
2.3.1 The Skull ...........................................................................................49
2.3.2 Axial Skeleton ...................................................................................52
2.3.3 Appendicular Skeleton ......................................................................53
2.4 Muscular Anatomy........................................................................................ 57
2.4.1 Muscles of the Head and Neck ........................................................58
2.4.2 Appendicular Muscles ......................................................................65
2.4.2.1 Pectoral Muscles ................................................................65
2.4.2.2 Respiratory Muscles ..........................................................67
2.4.2.3 Pelvic Muscles ...................................................................67
2.5 Nervous System ............................................................................................68
2.5.1 Peripheral Nervous System ..............................................................69
2.5.2 Central Nervous System ...................................................................71
2.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................75
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................75
References ..............................................................................................................76
2
1123_C02.fm Page 39 Friday, November 15, 2002 11:16 AM
0-8493-1123-3/03/$0.00+$1.50
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
The External
Morphology,
Musculoskeletal System,
and Neuro–Anatomy
of Sea Turtles
Jeanette Wyneken
CONTENTS
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................40
2.2 External Anatomy .........................................................................................40
2.2.1 Scales and Scutes ..............................................................................42
2.2.2 Axial Body: Shell, Head, Neck, and Tail .........................................43
2.2.3 Appendages: Flippers and Hind Limbs ............................................47
2.3 Skeletal Anatomy ..........................................................................................47
2.3.1 The Skull ...........................................................................................49
2.3.2 Axial Skeleton ...................................................................................52
2.3.3 Appendicular Skeleton ......................................................................53
2.4 Muscular Anatomy........................................................................................ 57
2.4.1 Muscles of the Head and Neck ........................................................58
2.4.2 Appendicular Muscles ......................................................................65
2.4.2.1 Pectoral Muscles ................................................................65
2.4.2.2 Respiratory Muscles ..........................................................67
2.4.2.3 Pelvic Muscles ...................................................................67
2.5 Nervous System ............................................................................................68
2.5.1 Peripheral Nervous System ..............................................................69
2.5.2 Central Nervous System ...................................................................71
2.6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................75
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................75
References ..............................................................................................................76
2
1123_C02.fm Page 39 Friday, November 15, 2002 11:16 AM