339
0-8493-1123-3/03/$0.00+$1.50
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
13 Fisheries-Related
Mortality and Turtle
Excluder Devices (TEDs)
Sheryan P. Epperly
CONTENTS
13.1 Introduction .................................................................................................339
13.2 The Problem ................................................................................................340
13.3 Solutions ......................................................................................................340
13.4 Implementation of TEDs in U.S. Fisheries ................................................342
13.4.1 The Process and the Shrimp Fishery ..............................................342
13.4.2 Leatherback Conservation ..............................................................344
13.4.3 Exemptions ......................................................................................344
13.4.4 TEDs in Other Fisheries .................................................................344
13.4.5 Turtle Exclusion ..............................................................................345
13.5 Implementation of TEDs in Shrimp Fisheries Worldwide ........................346
13.5.1 Implementation of TEDs in Australia ............................................346
13.5.2 U.S. Public Law 101–162, Section 609 .........................................347
13.5.2.1 U.S. Court of International Trade ...................................348
13.5.2.2 World Trade Organization ................................................349
13.6 Conclusions ..................................................................................................350
13.7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................350
References ............................................................................................................350
13.1 INTRODUCTION
Sea turtles are subject to human-induced mortality during all life stages. On land,
nesting females, incubating eggs, and emerging hatchlings may be impacted. The
impact may be incidental, such as by disorientation by lights and disturbance on or
of the beach, or it may be intentional by directed harvest of the adults and eggs.
Once turtles are in the water, a vast variety of new sources of impact are brought
to bear. These include pollution and marine debris, habitat degradation, directed
harvest, and incidental capture or entrainment by a variety of sources, including
fishing and dredging.
1123 book.book Page 339 Thursday, November 14, 2002 11:50 AM
0-8493-1123-3/03/$0.00+$1.50
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC
13 Fisheries-Related
Mortality and Turtle
Excluder Devices (TEDs)
Sheryan P. Epperly
CONTENTS
13.1 Introduction .................................................................................................339
13.2 The Problem ................................................................................................340
13.3 Solutions ......................................................................................................340
13.4 Implementation of TEDs in U.S. Fisheries ................................................342
13.4.1 The Process and the Shrimp Fishery ..............................................342
13.4.2 Leatherback Conservation ..............................................................344
13.4.3 Exemptions ......................................................................................344
13.4.4 TEDs in Other Fisheries .................................................................344
13.4.5 Turtle Exclusion ..............................................................................345
13.5 Implementation of TEDs in Shrimp Fisheries Worldwide ........................346
13.5.1 Implementation of TEDs in Australia ............................................346
13.5.2 U.S. Public Law 101–162, Section 609 .........................................347
13.5.2.1 U.S. Court of International Trade ...................................348
13.5.2.2 World Trade Organization ................................................349
13.6 Conclusions ..................................................................................................350
13.7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................350
References ............................................................................................................350
13.1 INTRODUCTION
Sea turtles are subject to human-induced mortality during all life stages. On land,
nesting females, incubating eggs, and emerging hatchlings may be impacted. The
impact may be incidental, such as by disorientation by lights and disturbance on or
of the beach, or it may be intentional by directed harvest of the adults and eggs.
Once turtles are in the water, a vast variety of new sources of impact are brought
to bear. These include pollution and marine debris, habitat degradation, directed
harvest, and incidental capture or entrainment by a variety of sources, including
fishing and dredging.
1123 book.book Page 339 Thursday, November 14, 2002 11:50 AM