128
The Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol. II
33. Limpus, C.J., Reed, P.C., and Miller, J.D. Temperature dependent sex determination
in Queensland sea turtles: intraspecific variation in Caretta caretta. In: Biology of
Australasian Frogs and Reptiles, 1985.
34. Mrosovsky, N. Pivotal temperatures for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from
northern and southern nesting beaches. Can. J. Zool. 66, 661–669. 1988.
35. Etchberger, C.R. et al. Effects of oxygen concentration and clutch on sex determination and physiology in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta). J. Exp. Zool. 258,
394–403. 1991.
36. Georges, A., Limpus, C.J., and Stoutjesdijk, R. Hatchling sex in the marine turtle
Caretta caretta is determined by proportion of development at a temperature, not
daily duration of exposure. J. Exp. Zool. 270, 432–444. 1994.
37. Marcovaldi, M.A., Godfrey, M.H., and Mrosovsky, N. Estimating sex ratios of loggerhead turtles in Brazil from pivotal incubation durations. Can. J. Zool. 75, 755–770.
1997.
38. Maxwell, J.A., Motara, M.A., and Frank, G.H. A micro-environmental study of the
effect of temperature on the sex ratios of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, from
Tongaland, Natal. S. Afr. J. Zool. 23, 342–350. 1988.
39. Rimblot-Baly, F. et al. Sensibilite a la temperature de la differenciation sexuelle chez
la Tortue Luth, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1971); application des donnees de
l’incubation artificielle a l’etude de la sex-ratio dans la nature. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool.
Paris 8, 277–290. 1987.
40. Vogt, R.C. Temperature controlled sex determination as a tool for turtle conservation.
Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 1, 159–162. 1994.
41. Mrosovsky, N. and Godfrey, M.H. Manipulating sex ratios: turtle speed ahead! Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 1, 238–240. 1995.
42. Hanson, J., Wibbels, T., and Martin, R.E. Use of miniature temperature data loggers
to estimate sex ratios of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles. In: Proceedings of the 18th
International Sea Turtle Symposium, NOAA Technical Publications, 1988.
43. Lang, J., Andrews, H.V., and Whitaker, R. Sex determination and sex ratios in
Crocodylus palustris. Am. Zool. 29, 935–952. 1989.
44. Yntema, C.L. and Mrosovsky, N. Critical periods and pivotal temperatures for sexual
differentiation in loggerhead turtles. Can. J. Zool. 60, 1012–1016. 1982.
45. Wibbels, T., Bull, J.J., and Crews, D. Temperature-dependent sex determination: a
mechanistic approach. J. Exp. Zool. 270, 71–78. 1994.
46. Standora, E.A. and Spotila, J.R. Temperature dependent sex determination in sea
turtles. Copeia 3, 711–722. 1985.
47. Spotila, J.R. et al. Temperature dependent sex determination in the green turtle
(Chelonia mydas): effects on the sex ratio on a natural nesting beach. Herpetologica
43, 74–81. 1987.
48. Kaska, Y. et al. Natural temperature regimes for loggerhead and green turtle nests in
the eastern Mediterranean. Can. J. Zool. 76, 723–729. 1998.
49. Godley, B.J. et al. Thermal conditions in nests of loggerhead turtles: further evidence
suggesting female skewed sex ratios of hatchling production in the Mediterranean.
J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 263, 45–63. 2001.
50. Girondot, M. Statistical description of temperature-dependent sex determination using
maximum likelihood. Evol. Ecol. Res. 1, 479–486. 1999.
51. Fisher, R.A. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
1930.
52. Charnov, E.L. and Bull, J.J. The primary sex ratio under environmental sex determination. J. Theor. Biol. 139, 431–436. 1989.
1123 book.book Page 128 Monday, November 11, 2002 11:11 AM
The Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol. II
33. Limpus, C.J., Reed, P.C., and Miller, J.D. Temperature dependent sex determination
in Queensland sea turtles: intraspecific variation in Caretta caretta. In: Biology of
Australasian Frogs and Reptiles, 1985.
34. Mrosovsky, N. Pivotal temperatures for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from
northern and southern nesting beaches. Can. J. Zool. 66, 661–669. 1988.
35. Etchberger, C.R. et al. Effects of oxygen concentration and clutch on sex determination and physiology in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta). J. Exp. Zool. 258,
394–403. 1991.
36. Georges, A., Limpus, C.J., and Stoutjesdijk, R. Hatchling sex in the marine turtle
Caretta caretta is determined by proportion of development at a temperature, not
daily duration of exposure. J. Exp. Zool. 270, 432–444. 1994.
37. Marcovaldi, M.A., Godfrey, M.H., and Mrosovsky, N. Estimating sex ratios of loggerhead turtles in Brazil from pivotal incubation durations. Can. J. Zool. 75, 755–770.
1997.
38. Maxwell, J.A., Motara, M.A., and Frank, G.H. A micro-environmental study of the
effect of temperature on the sex ratios of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, from
Tongaland, Natal. S. Afr. J. Zool. 23, 342–350. 1988.
39. Rimblot-Baly, F. et al. Sensibilite a la temperature de la differenciation sexuelle chez
la Tortue Luth, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1971); application des donnees de
l’incubation artificielle a l’etude de la sex-ratio dans la nature. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool.
Paris 8, 277–290. 1987.
40. Vogt, R.C. Temperature controlled sex determination as a tool for turtle conservation.
Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 1, 159–162. 1994.
41. Mrosovsky, N. and Godfrey, M.H. Manipulating sex ratios: turtle speed ahead! Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 1, 238–240. 1995.
42. Hanson, J., Wibbels, T., and Martin, R.E. Use of miniature temperature data loggers
to estimate sex ratios of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles. In: Proceedings of the 18th
International Sea Turtle Symposium, NOAA Technical Publications, 1988.
43. Lang, J., Andrews, H.V., and Whitaker, R. Sex determination and sex ratios in
Crocodylus palustris. Am. Zool. 29, 935–952. 1989.
44. Yntema, C.L. and Mrosovsky, N. Critical periods and pivotal temperatures for sexual
differentiation in loggerhead turtles. Can. J. Zool. 60, 1012–1016. 1982.
45. Wibbels, T., Bull, J.J., and Crews, D. Temperature-dependent sex determination: a
mechanistic approach. J. Exp. Zool. 270, 71–78. 1994.
46. Standora, E.A. and Spotila, J.R. Temperature dependent sex determination in sea
turtles. Copeia 3, 711–722. 1985.
47. Spotila, J.R. et al. Temperature dependent sex determination in the green turtle
(Chelonia mydas): effects on the sex ratio on a natural nesting beach. Herpetologica
43, 74–81. 1987.
48. Kaska, Y. et al. Natural temperature regimes for loggerhead and green turtle nests in
the eastern Mediterranean. Can. J. Zool. 76, 723–729. 1998.
49. Godley, B.J. et al. Thermal conditions in nests of loggerhead turtles: further evidence
suggesting female skewed sex ratios of hatchling production in the Mediterranean.
J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 263, 45–63. 2001.
50. Girondot, M. Statistical description of temperature-dependent sex determination using
maximum likelihood. Evol. Ecol. Res. 1, 479–486. 1999.
51. Fisher, R.A. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
1930.
52. Charnov, E.L. and Bull, J.J. The primary sex ratio under environmental sex determination. J. Theor. Biol. 139, 431–436. 1989.
1123 book.book Page 128 Monday, November 11, 2002 11:11 AM