3.2 Basic standards
83
3.2.5.4 Positioning (ISO 19116)
Positioning services are computer techniques that deliver positions of an object
relative to the earth or to some other position. These techniques include Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Inertial Systems, and Total Stations. The ISO
19116 (Positioning Services) standardises a data model for the basic information independent of the system type, and a group of operations to handle those data. A system-specific section is dedicated to Global Navigation Satellite Systems only.
Finding a position is no longer the domain of a skilled navigator or of an experienced surveyor. But whomever the user, they can still suff er from the great variety
of different and incompatible interfaces among the positioning systems. The ISO
19116 standardises this interface and isolates the client from the multiplicity of protocols.
Within the ISO 19100 family, the positioning services are among the processing
services identified in ISO 19119.
Figure 3.14 gives an overview ofthe application cases ofthe positioning services.
The diagram covers the standardised types including some future conceptual types.
Positioning Teehnologies
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Fig. 3.14. Overview ofapplication cases ofthe positioning services (IS048 2002)
Figure 3.15 Shows the hierarchical structured data model for the basic information. The position information refers to the ISO 19111 (Spatial referencing by coordinates). The "Link to spatial referencing system" means a control point or a similar
link between the instrument coordinate system and the earth in order to control accuracy aspects.