Contents
Introduction .............................................................................. 1
1 Basics of standards .................................................................... 3
1.1 Characteristics of standards ..................................................... 3
1.2 International standardisation organizations and consortia ................... 8
1.3 Formal international standardisation organizations ........................... 9
1.3.1 International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) .................. 9
1.3.2 International E1ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) ...................... 18
1.3.3 ISO/IEC Joint Technical Comrnittee 1 (JTC1) .......................... 18
1.3.4 International Te1ecommunication Union (ITU) ......................... 18
1.3.5 Access to standard-documents ............................................ 19
1.4 ISO 9000 fami1y of standards ................................................... 19
1.5 CuItural and linguistic adaptability ............................................. 22
1.6 Requirements for future developments of standards ......................... 24
2. Geomatics standards ......... . . .. . . ...... . . .... . ... . ..... . . . ... . . . . .. . . . ..... . ... . .. 27
2.1 History of geomatics standards ................................................. 27
2.2 ISOtTC211 ......................................................................... 30
2.2.1 History and work of ISOtTC211 .......................................... 30
2.2.2 Example of an ISO-compliant GIS ....................................... 35
2.2.3 Reference model (ISO 19101) ............................................ 41
2.3 Future of geomatics standardization ........................................... 48
2.3.1 Implementation strategies .................................................. 48
2.3.2 Ongoing work ofISOtTC211 .............................................. 49
2.3.3 Directions and Activities ................................................... 50
2.4 Roadmap to the ISO 19100 standards .......................................... 53
3. Non-geometry standards ............................................................. 55
3.1 Infrastructure standards .......................................................... 55
3.1.1 Conceptual schema language (ISOtTS 19103) .......................... 55
3.1.2 Terrninology (ISO 19104) ................................................. 66
3.1.3 Conformance and testing (ISO 19105) ................................... 67
3.1.4 Profiles ........................................................................ 68
3.2 Basic standards .................................................................... 71
3.2.1 Services (ISO 19119) ..................................................... 72
3.2.2 Rules for application schemas (ISO 19109) ............................. 75
3.2.3 Spatial schema (ISO 19107) ................................................. 76
3.2.4 Temporal schema (ISO 19108) ........................................... 76
Introduction .............................................................................. 1
1 Basics of standards .................................................................... 3
1.1 Characteristics of standards ..................................................... 3
1.2 International standardisation organizations and consortia ................... 8
1.3 Formal international standardisation organizations ........................... 9
1.3.1 International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) .................. 9
1.3.2 International E1ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) ...................... 18
1.3.3 ISO/IEC Joint Technical Comrnittee 1 (JTC1) .......................... 18
1.3.4 International Te1ecommunication Union (ITU) ......................... 18
1.3.5 Access to standard-documents ............................................ 19
1.4 ISO 9000 fami1y of standards ................................................... 19
1.5 CuItural and linguistic adaptability ............................................. 22
1.6 Requirements for future developments of standards ......................... 24
2. Geomatics standards ......... . . .. . . ...... . . .... . ... . ..... . . . ... . . . . .. . . . ..... . ... . .. 27
2.1 History of geomatics standards ................................................. 27
2.2 ISOtTC211 ......................................................................... 30
2.2.1 History and work of ISOtTC211 .......................................... 30
2.2.2 Example of an ISO-compliant GIS ....................................... 35
2.2.3 Reference model (ISO 19101) ............................................ 41
2.3 Future of geomatics standardization ........................................... 48
2.3.1 Implementation strategies .................................................. 48
2.3.2 Ongoing work ofISOtTC211 .............................................. 49
2.3.3 Directions and Activities ................................................... 50
2.4 Roadmap to the ISO 19100 standards .......................................... 53
3. Non-geometry standards ............................................................. 55
3.1 Infrastructure standards .......................................................... 55
3.1.1 Conceptual schema language (ISOtTS 19103) .......................... 55
3.1.2 Terrninology (ISO 19104) ................................................. 66
3.1.3 Conformance and testing (ISO 19105) ................................... 67
3.1.4 Profiles ........................................................................ 68
3.2 Basic standards .................................................................... 71
3.2.1 Services (ISO 19119) ..................................................... 72
3.2.2 Rules for application schemas (ISO 19109) ............................. 75
3.2.3 Spatial schema (ISO 19107) ................................................. 76
3.2.4 Temporal schema (ISO 19108) ........................................... 76