Inversion of Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations
309
capability and scientifi c understanding in the development of techniques that extract
the signifi cance of these data. Understanding the carbon cycle, with its characteristic
“complex systems” features of feedbacks, nonlinearity, and multiple timescales, creates a need to go beyond “business-as-usual” analyses.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems
(MASCOS) is funded by the Australian Research Council. The author’s fellowship
at MASCOS is supported in part by CSIRO. Nathan Clisby of MASCOS provided
helpful comments on the manuscript. As with my book, the present account draws
on the work of many collaborators, both from CSIRO (and a number formerly with
CSIRO) and beyond. Particular thanks are due to Prof. Inez Fung. My recent thinking on trace gas inversions has been greatly stimulated by the lecturers and students
at the 2006 MSRI-NCAR workshop on Carbon Data Assimilation.
REFERENCES
R. B. Bacastow. Modulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the Southern Oscillation.
Nature, 261:116–118, 1976.
G. Backus and F. Gilbert. The resolving power of gross earth data. Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.,
13:247–276, 1968.
D. F. Baker, R. M. Law, K. R. Gurney, P. Rayner, P. Peylin, A. S. Denning, P. Bousquet
et al. TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the
interannual variability of regional CO 2 fl uxes, 1988–2003. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles,
20:GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.
M. L. Bender, P. P. Tans, J. T. Ellis, J. Orchado, and K. Habfast. A high precision isotope ratio
mass spectrometry method for measuring O 2 /N 2 ratio of air. Geochim. et Cosmochim.
Acta, 58:4751–4758, 1994.
G. Boer. Climate Model Intercomparisons, In P. Mote and A. O’Neill, eds., Numerical
Modelling of the Global Atmosphere, Kluwer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2000, pp.
443–464.
B. Bolin and C. D. Keeling. Large-scale atmospheric mixing as deduced from the seasonal and
meridional variations of carbon dioxide. J. Geophys. Res., 68:3899–3920, 1963.
P. Bousquet, P. Ciais, P. Peylin, and P. Monfray. Inverse modelling of annual atmospheric CO 2
sources and sinks 2. Sensitivity study. J. Geophys. Res., 104D:26179–26193, 1999.
P. Bousquet, P. Peylin, P. Ciais, C. Le Quéré, P. Friedlingstein, and P. P Tans. Regional changes in
carbon dioxide fl uxes of land and oceans since 1980. Science, 290:1342–1346, 2000.
T. M. Butler, I. Simmonds, and P. J. Rayner. Mass balance inverse modelling of methane in the
1990s using a chemistry transport model. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4:2561–2580, 2004.
J. P. Canadell, H. A. Mooney, D. D. Baldocchi, J. A. Berry, J. R. Ehleringer, C. B. Field, S. T.
Gower et al. Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: A multitechnique approach
for improved understanding. Ecosystems, 3:115–130, doi: 10:1007/s100210000014,
2000.
M. Christie. The Ozone Layer: A Philosophy of Science Perspective. CUP, Cambridge, U.K.,
2000.
P. Ciais, P. P. Tans, J. W. C. White, M. Trolier, R. J. Francey, J. A. Berry, D. R. Randall, P. J.
Sellers, J. G. Collatz, and D. S. Schimel. Partitioning of ocean and land uptake of CO 2
as inferred by δ 13 C measurements from the NOAA climate monitoring and diagnostics
laboratory global air sampling network. J. Geophys. Res., 100D:5051–5070, 1995a.
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
309
capability and scientifi c understanding in the development of techniques that extract
the signifi cance of these data. Understanding the carbon cycle, with its characteristic
“complex systems” features of feedbacks, nonlinearity, and multiple timescales, creates a need to go beyond “business-as-usual” analyses.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems
(MASCOS) is funded by the Australian Research Council. The author’s fellowship
at MASCOS is supported in part by CSIRO. Nathan Clisby of MASCOS provided
helpful comments on the manuscript. As with my book, the present account draws
on the work of many collaborators, both from CSIRO (and a number formerly with
CSIRO) and beyond. Particular thanks are due to Prof. Inez Fung. My recent thinking on trace gas inversions has been greatly stimulated by the lecturers and students
at the 2006 MSRI-NCAR workshop on Carbon Data Assimilation.
REFERENCES
R. B. Bacastow. Modulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the Southern Oscillation.
Nature, 261:116–118, 1976.
G. Backus and F. Gilbert. The resolving power of gross earth data. Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc.,
13:247–276, 1968.
D. F. Baker, R. M. Law, K. R. Gurney, P. Rayner, P. Peylin, A. S. Denning, P. Bousquet
et al. TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the
interannual variability of regional CO 2 fl uxes, 1988–2003. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles,
20:GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.
M. L. Bender, P. P. Tans, J. T. Ellis, J. Orchado, and K. Habfast. A high precision isotope ratio
mass spectrometry method for measuring O 2 /N 2 ratio of air. Geochim. et Cosmochim.
Acta, 58:4751–4758, 1994.
G. Boer. Climate Model Intercomparisons, In P. Mote and A. O’Neill, eds., Numerical
Modelling of the Global Atmosphere, Kluwer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2000, pp.
443–464.
B. Bolin and C. D. Keeling. Large-scale atmospheric mixing as deduced from the seasonal and
meridional variations of carbon dioxide. J. Geophys. Res., 68:3899–3920, 1963.
P. Bousquet, P. Ciais, P. Peylin, and P. Monfray. Inverse modelling of annual atmospheric CO 2
sources and sinks 2. Sensitivity study. J. Geophys. Res., 104D:26179–26193, 1999.
P. Bousquet, P. Peylin, P. Ciais, C. Le Quéré, P. Friedlingstein, and P. P Tans. Regional changes in
carbon dioxide fl uxes of land and oceans since 1980. Science, 290:1342–1346, 2000.
T. M. Butler, I. Simmonds, and P. J. Rayner. Mass balance inverse modelling of methane in the
1990s using a chemistry transport model. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4:2561–2580, 2004.
J. P. Canadell, H. A. Mooney, D. D. Baldocchi, J. A. Berry, J. R. Ehleringer, C. B. Field, S. T.
Gower et al. Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: A multitechnique approach
for improved understanding. Ecosystems, 3:115–130, doi: 10:1007/s100210000014,
2000.
M. Christie. The Ozone Layer: A Philosophy of Science Perspective. CUP, Cambridge, U.K.,
2000.
P. Ciais, P. P. Tans, J. W. C. White, M. Trolier, R. J. Francey, J. A. Berry, D. R. Randall, P. J.
Sellers, J. G. Collatz, and D. S. Schimel. Partitioning of ocean and land uptake of CO 2
as inferred by δ 13 C measurements from the NOAA climate monitoring and diagnostics
laboratory global air sampling network. J. Geophys. Res., 100D:5051–5070, 1995a.
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC