150
Air Pollution and Turbulence: Modeling and Applications
and Beljaars and Holtslag (1990), it has been possible to evaluate the fundamental
parameters for the description of the characteristics of the surface and atmospheric
boundary layers using measurements close to the ground. This has allowed the
development of models that describe pollutant diffusion using as input ground-based
meteorological data (which can be acquired by automated networks), but which are
able to evaluate directly atmospheric turbulence, through the value of the MoninObukhov length and the attrition velocity, rather than empirical classes, like those of
Pasquill-Gifford.
A relation between the old stability classes and the new parameterization has
been proposed by Golder (1972), through an experimental relation between L and
stability classes (see also Trombetti et al., 1986). Algebraically, it is expressed by
= 0
1/
b
L az
(5.26)
where
z 0 is the ground roughness
a and b are expressed as in Table 5.5
Among the new-generation models, of particular note are the Danish model OML
(Berkowicz et al., 1986) and British model ADMS (Carruthers et al., 1992); the
American model HPDM (Hanna and Paine, 1989), and new model AERMOD, proposed by the U.S. EPA. Among the puff models are CALPUFF (Scire et al., 1999),
M4PUFF (Tirabassi and Rizza, 1997), and SPM (Tirabassi and Rizza, 1995).
5.8 EVALUATION OF MODEL PERFORMANCES AND RELIABILITY
A correct use of atmospheric transport and diffusion models must be based on a
study of their capacity to represent real situations correctly. When possible, it is
advisable to test the reliability of the model adopted using the data of topographic
and meteorological scenarios characteristic of the areas where they are deployed.
Models are evaluated by
Assessing the soundness of process descriptions
•
Examining the computer code for errors
•
TABLE 5.5
Values of a and b in Equation 5.26
Stability Class
a
b
A
−0.0875
−0.1029
B
−0.03849
−0.1714
C
−0.00807
−0.3049
D
0.0
0.0
E
0.00807
−0.3049
F
0.03849
−0.1714
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Air Pollution and Turbulence: Modeling and Applications
and Beljaars and Holtslag (1990), it has been possible to evaluate the fundamental
parameters for the description of the characteristics of the surface and atmospheric
boundary layers using measurements close to the ground. This has allowed the
development of models that describe pollutant diffusion using as input ground-based
meteorological data (which can be acquired by automated networks), but which are
able to evaluate directly atmospheric turbulence, through the value of the MoninObukhov length and the attrition velocity, rather than empirical classes, like those of
Pasquill-Gifford.
A relation between the old stability classes and the new parameterization has
been proposed by Golder (1972), through an experimental relation between L and
stability classes (see also Trombetti et al., 1986). Algebraically, it is expressed by
= 0
1/
b
L az
(5.26)
where
z 0 is the ground roughness
a and b are expressed as in Table 5.5
Among the new-generation models, of particular note are the Danish model OML
(Berkowicz et al., 1986) and British model ADMS (Carruthers et al., 1992); the
American model HPDM (Hanna and Paine, 1989), and new model AERMOD, proposed by the U.S. EPA. Among the puff models are CALPUFF (Scire et al., 1999),
M4PUFF (Tirabassi and Rizza, 1997), and SPM (Tirabassi and Rizza, 1995).
5.8 EVALUATION OF MODEL PERFORMANCES AND RELIABILITY
A correct use of atmospheric transport and diffusion models must be based on a
study of their capacity to represent real situations correctly. When possible, it is
advisable to test the reliability of the model adopted using the data of topographic
and meteorological scenarios characteristic of the areas where they are deployed.
Models are evaluated by
Assessing the soundness of process descriptions
•
Examining the computer code for errors
•
TABLE 5.5
Values of a and b in Equation 5.26
Stability Class
a
b
A
−0.0875
−0.1029
B
−0.03849
−0.1714
C
−0.00807
−0.3049
D
0.0
0.0
E
0.00807
−0.3049
F
0.03849
−0.1714
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC