Contents
PART I • BIODEGRADA TlON OF PESTICIDES: PRINCIPLES
AND MECHANISMS
Chapter 1
Degradation of Pesticides by Animals
H. Wyman Dorough and Sue K. Ballard
1.1.
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.
Phase I Metabolism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. 2.1. Dehydrohalogenation and Dehalogenation . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2. Desulfuration.................................. 6
1.2.3. Epoxidation.................................... 6
1.2.4. Hydrolysis..................................... 7
1.2.5. Hydroxylation.................................. 8
1.2.6. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
1.2.7. Isomerization.................................. 11
1.2.8. Nitrosation.................................... 12
1.3.
Phase II Metabolism .................................... 12
1.3.1. Glycoside Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
1.3.2. Sulfoconjugation................................ 13
1.3.3. Other Conjugation Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
1.4. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
References ............................................ 17
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