Persistence and Biodegradation of Herbicides
129
additional research on biochemical pathways of herbicide degradation in higher
plants, microorganisms, and animals.
REFERENCES
Anonymous, 1974, Herbicide Handbook, 3rd ed., Weed Science Society of America, Urbana, Ill.
Armstrong, D. E., and Konrad, J. G., 1974, Nonbiological degradation of pesticides, in: Pesticides
in Soil and Water (W. D. Guenz, ed.), pp. 123-131, Soil Science Society of America, Madison,
Wisc.
Ashton, F. M., and Crafts, A. S., 1973, Mode of Action of Herbicides, John Wiley, New York.
Audus, L. J., 1960, Microbiological breakdown of herbicides in soils, in: Herbicides in the Soil
(E. K. Woodford and G. R. Sager, eds.), pp. 1-19, Blackwell, Oxford.
Audus, L. J., 1964, Herbicide behavior in the soil, n. Interaction with soil micro-organisms, in:
The Physiology and Biochemistry of Herbicides (L. J. Audus, ed.), pp. 163-206, Academic
Press, New York.
Bartha, R., Linke, H. A. B., and Pramer, D., 1968, Pesticide transformations: Production of
chloroazobenzenes from chloroanilines, Science 161:582.
Burge, W. D., 1972, Microbiol population hydrolyzing propanil and accumulation of 3,4-dichloroaniline and 3,3' ,4,4' -tetrachloroazobenzine in soils, Soil Bioi. Biochem. 4:379.
Burge, W. D., 1973, Transformations of propanil-derived 3,4-dichloroaniline in soil to 3,3' ,4,4'tetrachloroazobenzene as related to soil peroxidases, Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 37:392.
Burnside, O. C., 1974, Prevention and detoxification of pesticide residues in soils, in: Pesticides
and Soil and Water (W. D. Guenzi, ed.), pp. 387-412, Soil Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisc.
Cardarelli, N., 1976, Controlled Release Pesticide Formulations, CRC Press, Cleveland.
Casida, J. E. and Lykken, L., 1969, Metabolism of organic pesticide chemicals in higher plants,
Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20:607.
Crosby, D. G., 1976, Nonbiological degradation of herbicides in the soil, in: Herbicides: Physiology,
Biochemistry, and Ecology, Vol. n (L. J. Audus, ed.), pp. 65-97, Academic Press, New York.
Crosby, D. G., Wong, A. S., Plimmer, J. R., and Woolson, E. A., 1971, Photodecomposition of
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, Science 173:748.
Emerson, J. L., Thompson, D. J., Strebing, R. J., Gerbig, C. G., and Robinson, V. B., 1971,
Teratogenic studies on 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the rat and rabbit, Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 9:395.
Frank, P. A., 1970, Degradation and effects of herbicides in water, in: FAO International Conference
on Weed Control (T. J. Holstun, Jr., ed.), pp. 539-559, Weed Science Society of America,
Urbana, Ill.
Frear, D. S., and Shimabukuro, R. H., 1970, Metabolism and effects of herbicides in plants, in:
FAO International Conference on Weed Control (T. J. Holstun, Jr., ed.), pp. 560-578, Weed
Science Society of America, Urbana, Ill.
Goring, C. A. I., and Hamaker, J. W. (eds.), 1972, Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment,
2 vols., Marcel Dekker, New York.
Guenzi, W. D., 1974, Pesticides in Soil and Water, Soil Science Society of America, Madison,
Wisc.
Hamaker, J. W., 1966, Mathematical prediction of cummulative levels of pesticides in soil, in:
Organic Pesticides in the Environment (R. F. Gould, ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
129
additional research on biochemical pathways of herbicide degradation in higher
plants, microorganisms, and animals.
REFERENCES
Anonymous, 1974, Herbicide Handbook, 3rd ed., Weed Science Society of America, Urbana, Ill.
Armstrong, D. E., and Konrad, J. G., 1974, Nonbiological degradation of pesticides, in: Pesticides
in Soil and Water (W. D. Guenz, ed.), pp. 123-131, Soil Science Society of America, Madison,
Wisc.
Ashton, F. M., and Crafts, A. S., 1973, Mode of Action of Herbicides, John Wiley, New York.
Audus, L. J., 1960, Microbiological breakdown of herbicides in soils, in: Herbicides in the Soil
(E. K. Woodford and G. R. Sager, eds.), pp. 1-19, Blackwell, Oxford.
Audus, L. J., 1964, Herbicide behavior in the soil, n. Interaction with soil micro-organisms, in:
The Physiology and Biochemistry of Herbicides (L. J. Audus, ed.), pp. 163-206, Academic
Press, New York.
Bartha, R., Linke, H. A. B., and Pramer, D., 1968, Pesticide transformations: Production of
chloroazobenzenes from chloroanilines, Science 161:582.
Burge, W. D., 1972, Microbiol population hydrolyzing propanil and accumulation of 3,4-dichloroaniline and 3,3' ,4,4' -tetrachloroazobenzine in soils, Soil Bioi. Biochem. 4:379.
Burge, W. D., 1973, Transformations of propanil-derived 3,4-dichloroaniline in soil to 3,3' ,4,4'tetrachloroazobenzene as related to soil peroxidases, Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 37:392.
Burnside, O. C., 1974, Prevention and detoxification of pesticide residues in soils, in: Pesticides
and Soil and Water (W. D. Guenzi, ed.), pp. 387-412, Soil Science Society of America,
Madison, Wisc.
Cardarelli, N., 1976, Controlled Release Pesticide Formulations, CRC Press, Cleveland.
Casida, J. E. and Lykken, L., 1969, Metabolism of organic pesticide chemicals in higher plants,
Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20:607.
Crosby, D. G., 1976, Nonbiological degradation of herbicides in the soil, in: Herbicides: Physiology,
Biochemistry, and Ecology, Vol. n (L. J. Audus, ed.), pp. 65-97, Academic Press, New York.
Crosby, D. G., Wong, A. S., Plimmer, J. R., and Woolson, E. A., 1971, Photodecomposition of
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, Science 173:748.
Emerson, J. L., Thompson, D. J., Strebing, R. J., Gerbig, C. G., and Robinson, V. B., 1971,
Teratogenic studies on 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the rat and rabbit, Food Cosmet.
Toxicol. 9:395.
Frank, P. A., 1970, Degradation and effects of herbicides in water, in: FAO International Conference
on Weed Control (T. J. Holstun, Jr., ed.), pp. 539-559, Weed Science Society of America,
Urbana, Ill.
Frear, D. S., and Shimabukuro, R. H., 1970, Metabolism and effects of herbicides in plants, in:
FAO International Conference on Weed Control (T. J. Holstun, Jr., ed.), pp. 560-578, Weed
Science Society of America, Urbana, Ill.
Goring, C. A. I., and Hamaker, J. W. (eds.), 1972, Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment,
2 vols., Marcel Dekker, New York.
Guenzi, W. D., 1974, Pesticides in Soil and Water, Soil Science Society of America, Madison,
Wisc.
Hamaker, J. W., 1966, Mathematical prediction of cummulative levels of pesticides in soil, in:
Organic Pesticides in the Environment (R. F. Gould, ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.