330
THE BIOLOGY OF FISHES
they are adapted to satisfying the end in view. This makes
'
just the difference between the skilled or trained worker and
7
the unskilled.
The man who uses his brains more than his
hands must
“
train
”
in his own way, and this leadsto
instinctive associations and ways of thinking.
'
In interpreting the phenomena of life, therefore, we must
. .
regard all actions as potentially instinctive. We sometimes -
speak, for example, of the social and moral instincts which
"
bind human beings into a more or less well-organised
Α . —
community, and classify actions according as they agree or
,.
.
disagree with these instincts. But the study of history
'
has shown that these have developed from cruder forms
.
and have to be unlearnt from time to time and transformed
,
into new ones by the light of intelligence and reason,
'77 !
then again sink into the subconscious world of instinct. _' ,
We have no reason to believe that the lower animals learn by
a different process.
_
',
On the Whole, shes do not belong to the class of sociable
_” ' .
animals; self—help is the dominant instinct. Yet examples
'
are
not wanting where individuals combine to carry
out —
*
'
a common work.
The spawning habits of the Brook—
Lamprey (Petromyzon), so well described by
,
Dean and Sumner, provide an instance of this kind, The
Lampreys come together when making a nest and move the
7
stones
about by means of their _sùetorial months. :BuÏ
.
these authors are carefulto point out that there seems no
meth0d in all this work.
It is more a kind of play, the
instinctive use of an apparatus they have acquired, just as”
"
we employ our limbs in sport.
_
.
..
Though not strictly speaking sociable, shes are certainly
_
gregarious. .The ;.single individual living by himself, a
-
‘
shark for eXample, isthe except—ion. . They live together”…in
'
_
schools or shoals, and it iso‘n this instinct that the shing
?
for them depends, That
other freshwatef
.
_
shes do notdo so mayjbegtaken aaa sign of intelligence, a
'
discussed; later. In ‘mOSt
?
cases We Can a$‘cr_ibd a purpose to this. .gregariousness ! and
'.
Ï È
_
say
on
to spawh or to 1
[
THE BIOLOGY OF FISHES
they are adapted to satisfying the end in view. This makes
'
just the difference between the skilled or trained worker and
7
the unskilled.
The man who uses his brains more than his
hands must
“
train
”
in his own way, and this leadsto
instinctive associations and ways of thinking.
'
In interpreting the phenomena of life, therefore, we must
. .
regard all actions as potentially instinctive. We sometimes -
speak, for example, of the social and moral instincts which
"
bind human beings into a more or less well-organised
Α . —
community, and classify actions according as they agree or
,.
.
disagree with these instincts. But the study of history
'
has shown that these have developed from cruder forms
.
and have to be unlearnt from time to time and transformed
,
into new ones by the light of intelligence and reason,
'77 !
then again sink into the subconscious world of instinct. _' ,
We have no reason to believe that the lower animals learn by
a different process.
_
',
On the Whole, shes do not belong to the class of sociable
_” ' .
animals; self—help is the dominant instinct. Yet examples
'
are
not wanting where individuals combine to carry
out —
*
'
a common work.
The spawning habits of the Brook—
Lamprey (Petromyzon), so well described by
,
Dean and Sumner, provide an instance of this kind, The
Lampreys come together when making a nest and move the
7
stones
about by means of their _sùetorial months. :BuÏ
.
these authors are carefulto point out that there seems no
meth0d in all this work.
It is more a kind of play, the
instinctive use of an apparatus they have acquired, just as”
"
we employ our limbs in sport.
_
.
..
Though not strictly speaking sociable, shes are certainly
_
gregarious. .The ;.single individual living by himself, a
-
‘
shark for eXample, isthe except—ion. . They live together”…in
'
_
schools or shoals, and it iso‘n this instinct that the shing
?
for them depends, That
other freshwatef
.
_
shes do notdo so mayjbegtaken aaa sign of intelligence, a
'
discussed; later. In ‘mOSt
?
cases We Can a$‘cr_ibd a purpose to this. .gregariousness ! and
'.
Ï È
_
say
on
to spawh or to 1
[