‘
Xii
“
CONTENTS
,
CHAPTER
'
"
PAGE
._
VIII.
VARIATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF FIS_HES .
.
.
172
Nature of Variation, 172. I—Ieredity and Circumstances, 180.
Causes of Variation, 18.9. Differentiation
of Fishes, 195.
'
IX.
THE GENEALOGY OF FISHES
.
.
._
.
.
.
201
,
The Oldest Fishes, 201. Arrangement of Fishes, 211. The
_
Drifting of the Continents, 218.
X. “DISTRIBUTION OF FISI—IESIN TIME AND
SPACE
.
.
224
__
’
Ancient
Periods;
Land
and Water in Palæozoic and
.
‘
_Mesozoic, 224.
Modern Periods; Appearance of Modern
in Chalk Period ; Effect of Tertiary Disturbances;
_
'
Post-glacial Distribution, 236.
.'-XI_. ADAPTATIONS TO SUIT PARTICULAR CONDITIONS -
.
.
249
.
Growth of Adaptations—, 250. Adaptations connected with
'
'
the Mode of Life, 265.
Adaptations connected With the
Respiration, 273.
_
_
.
'
XII. Frsnns AND THE WEB DE LIFE
.
'.
.
.
.
284
Sex, Courtship and Reproduction, 284.
and Parasites, 294. Diseases and Enemies of Fishès, 299.
_
_
XIII.
THE-FOOD QUESTION
_
.
'
.
.”
.
.
306
The Food of Fishes, 306.
TheValuation of the Sea, 313.
'
’
Resources of the Sea, 318.
'.
-
-
"
XIV. 'THE MENTAL LIFE OF FISHES
.
.
.
'
.
.
329
'
Tropisms and Réex Actions, 329.
Intelligence and
_
Adaptations, 337.
Reason and Parental Care, 347.
The
'
__
F eelings of F ishes, 360.
_
«
_
'
APPENDIX: 'SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES on, F'ISHES
Ï ‘
.—
367
BIBLIOGRAPHY I_.
A FEW GENERAD BOOKS DEALTNG W1TH_
"
’
'
"
FISH_ESÇ——Jïl
AND PAPERS USEÙ_ÎN THE TEXT_
—
'
_
373
_
«
INDEX
_
339
f