REGULATION OF FCRM“ AND STRUCTURES. 111
When the mouth is rme closed(Fig. 27, 4) this jugal
projects above the snout, but when the new muséle works
on it the jugal rotates downvvards and ' the maxillaries in
'
front open upwards like
lid.
The 'clOsing muscle has
become the opening muscle..“
.
=__
—
_: _
,
_
.
The opening muscle, as menti0ned,‘bécame the Closin'_g
‘
muscle.
The interopercular “apparatus, hoWev'ef, tries to '
develop and in some formslike SyngnathuS; it Comes.to.help
in opening the mouth ‘byÿworking round the angle of the
;
lower jaw, but it develops too late to prevent the main
__
Changesi the mouth.
-
.
—j
…
TheSechang'geS-Can be ÎOllowed in the developing young
shes.
And:i££ we compare a series of forms, from the more
nearly normal Fistulària through Syngnathus and N erophis
to Hippocampus, We nd that the changes are intensied
and _occürat an increasingly early stage. Further, through
thédisturbance of the gills and circulation the old tendency
"
‘
to deposit chalk in the skin ”revives and these shes become
encased in Gandid-like plates, quite dierent in growth and
appearance from
ordinary
To
,
,
retrogradè step externally these shes,
__
OfWhichabout t‘Wo hundred species are known, have
"
”ii-1” intelligence; Not only have they
adaptedÏfthemsÏelves}"With fscrupulous nicety to particular»!
conditibns,theÿhave even acquired the habit of nursing their;
eggs.
_'
—
'
Flat—shes.——The Pipe—shes exemplify an imperfection
in the balance fore and aft ; the Flat—shes are ill—balanced
'
‘
fr0m side to side.
Some ve hundred species are known,
:
and these can be divided into two main groups according to
the
affects them.
In the one group
.
the body grow asyinmetrically, in the other
that -develops can be referred more directly
to their—regular mOVements of the body.
_
&
'
=‘ Like
forms do not'shoW
'
metry to
they are quite n0rmaltin°:the =larval
stage, butaS soon _.;as thejc0il forms in the alimentary:canalw
‘
'
trouble begins in'th'e moii—th and skull, ' Theimouth
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