'
EFFECT ON ECHINODERMS.
'
39
; Î
occasionally crushed, would, for the most part, survive after their
presence on deckl.’
The sea—pen (Pemmtula), unless seriously
crushed, readily survives—whether captured by trawl or hook,
and would have no difculty in again taking up its position on
the bottom.
‘More decided injury is inicted in many cases
on the members of the star—sh group, which form no incon—
siderable part
of the food of the cod, hadd00k, and at—shes.
ÎÎÎ
Their brittle nature can ill withstand the rude trials of the
trawl, and still less the trampling on the deck of the trawler,
when the shes are packed.
All su‘er more or less, the
Ï…ÏË.
majority s‘eriously ; the forms most liable being brittle—stars,
sea—urchins,
and
Such Was the view expressed
in the Trawling Report, and, though less pronounced than
some
more
recent opinions, it appears to state the case not
unfavourably for the opponents of the trawl. Thus, the sea—
cucumbers, or Holothurians, often brought up from the bottom
amidst stones and sea—weeds, are, for the most part, uninjured ;
and, since they can voluntarily eject their entire alimentary
system, and, as the patient and persevering Sir J. G. Dalyell
showed, reproduce it without serious inconvenience in "about
three months, they are not likely to suffer from the hands of
the trawler.
The cod is a more exacting marauder of the
‘
bottom in regard to the smaller _Holothurians, since they are
found in its stomach, and not in the trawl.
The ‘ dreg’
of the Zetlandic sherman, as he searches for ‘y0ags’ (horsemussels) for bait, is also a more effective engine for the capture
of the great ‘sea—puddings,’ as these Holothurians are called.
While the brittle-stars are mutilated, they are by no means in
all cases killed.
The disk produces new arms where they have
_
been broken off, and even—' an injured disk is repaired. While
many of the sand—stars are entangled in the trawl, the'majority
;
esCape by being imbedded in the sand, as can easily be shown
by using a dredge on the same ground over which many a
trawl has passed. The sea—urchins su‘er considerably by the
trawl incertain regions, as, for instance, in the outer parts of
;_Ï_Ë
the -estuary of the Tay, audit is doubtful if many
of those
1
T7'awlütg Report, 1884, p. 370.
—
2 Ibid., 1884, p. 370.
EFFECT ON ECHINODERMS.
'
39
; Î
occasionally crushed, would, for the most part, survive after their
presence on deckl.’
The sea—pen (Pemmtula), unless seriously
crushed, readily survives—whether captured by trawl or hook,
and would have no difculty in again taking up its position on
the bottom.
‘More decided injury is inicted in many cases
on the members of the star—sh group, which form no incon—
siderable part
of the food of the cod, hadd00k, and at—shes.
ÎÎÎ
Their brittle nature can ill withstand the rude trials of the
trawl, and still less the trampling on the deck of the trawler,
when the shes are packed.
All su‘er more or less, the
Ï…ÏË.
majority s‘eriously ; the forms most liable being brittle—stars,
sea—urchins,
and
Such Was the view expressed
in the Trawling Report, and, though less pronounced than
some
more
recent opinions, it appears to state the case not
unfavourably for the opponents of the trawl. Thus, the sea—
cucumbers, or Holothurians, often brought up from the bottom
amidst stones and sea—weeds, are, for the most part, uninjured ;
and, since they can voluntarily eject their entire alimentary
system, and, as the patient and persevering Sir J. G. Dalyell
showed, reproduce it without serious inconvenience in "about
three months, they are not likely to suffer from the hands of
the trawler.
The cod is a more exacting marauder of the
‘
bottom in regard to the smaller _Holothurians, since they are
found in its stomach, and not in the trawl.
The ‘ dreg’
of the Zetlandic sherman, as he searches for ‘y0ags’ (horsemussels) for bait, is also a more effective engine for the capture
of the great ‘sea—puddings,’ as these Holothurians are called.
While the brittle-stars are mutilated, they are by no means in
all cases killed.
The disk produces new arms where they have
_
been broken off, and even—' an injured disk is repaired. While
many of the sand—stars are entangled in the trawl, the'majority
;
esCape by being imbedded in the sand, as can easily be shown
by using a dredge on the same ground over which many a
trawl has passed. The sea—urchins su‘er considerably by the
trawl incertain regions, as, for instance, in the outer parts of
;_Ï_Ë
the -estuary of the Tay, audit is doubtful if many
of those
1
T7'awlütg Report, 1884, p. 370.
—
2 Ibid., 1884, p. 370.