Natural and Anthropogenic Mercury Sources
47
McNerney J, Buseck PR (1973) Geochemical exploration using mercury vapor. Econ Geol 68:1313-1320
Meji R (1991) The fate of mercury in coal-fired power plants and the influence of wet flue-gas
desulphurization. Water Air Soil Pollut 56:21-33
Midwest Research Institute (MRI) (1993) Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of
mercury and mercury compounds. EPA-454/R-93-023, USEPA, Sept, 1993, Chicago
MME (1992) Base Energetica Brasileria, Ministerio das Minas e Energia, Brasilia
Ming G (1994) In Evaluation on the role and distribution of mercury in ecosystems with special
emphasis on tropical regions. SCOPE, Rio de Janeiro (unpublished)
Mukherjee AB (1989) The release of Cd and Hg into the Finnish environment. Ministry of
environment. Helsinki, Finland, Rep No 64, 93 pp
Mukherjee AB, Innanen S, Verta M (1995) An update of the mercury inventory and atmospheric
mercury fluxes to and from Finland. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:255-264
Munthe ) (1992) The aqueous oxidation of elemental mercury by ozone. Atmos. Environ, 26A:14611468
Munthe ) (1993) Mercury in the atmosphere - emissions, transformations, deposition and effects.
Report prepared for the worksh on Emissions and modelling of persistent organic pollutants and
heavy metals, Durham, North Carolina, 6-7 May 1993
Munthe J, Hultberg H, Iverfeldt A (1995) Mechanisms of deposition of methylmercury and mercury to
conferous forests. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:363-371
Nico LG, Taphorn DC (1994) Mercury in fish from gold-mining regions in upper Cuyuni River system,
Venezuela, Fresenius Environ Bull 3:287-292
Nriagu)O (1989) A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals. Nature 338: 4749
Nriagu )0, Pacyna )M (1988) Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and
soils by trace metals. Nature 3P34-139
Nriagu ) (1994) Mechanistic steps in the photoreduction of mercury in natural waters. Sci. Total
Environ 154:1-8
Obolensky AA (1996) Natural mercury sources in the environment: contribution of Siberia In: Baeyens
W, Ebinghaus R, Vasiliev 0 (eds) Global and regional mercury cycles: sources, fluxes and mass
balances. NATO-AS I-Series 2. Environment vol 21. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 453-462
Pacyna)M (1993) Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals to the Baltic Sea. In: Proc Int conf on heavy
metals in the environment Toronto, vol I, pp 93-96
Pacyna JM (1994) Atmospheric emissions of anthropogenic mercury in Europe in 1990. NILU
technical report prepared for the Dutch TNO, Norwegian Institute for air research, Kjeller, Norway
Pacyna )M (1996) Emission inventories of atmospheric mercury from anthropogenic sources. In:
Baeyens W, Ebinghaus R, Vasiliev 0 (eds) Global and regional mercury cycles: sources, fluxes and
mass balances. NATO-AS I Series 2. Environment vol. 21. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp
161-178
Pai P, Karamanchandani P, Seigneur Ch (1997) Simulation of the regional atmospheric transport and
fate of mercury using a comprehensive Eulerian model. Atmos Environ 31:2717-2732
Patrick WH (1994) From wastelands to wetlands. J Environ Qual 23:892-896
Petersen G, Iverfeldt A, Munthe J (1995) Atmospheric mercury species over central and northern
Europe. Model calculations and comparison with observations from the Nordic air and
precipitation network for 1987 and 1988. Atmos Environ 29 (1): 47-67
Petersen G, Munthe J, Bloxam R (1996) Numerical modeling of regional transport, chemical
transformations and deposition fluxes of airborne mercury species. In: Baeyens W, Ebinghaus R,
and Vasiliev 0 (eds) Global and regional mercury cycles: sources, fluxes and mass balances. NATOASI Series, 2. Environment vol. 21. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 191-218
Pfeiffer WC, Lacerda LD (1988) Mercury inputs into the Amazon Region, Brazil. Environ Technol Lett
9:325-330
Pirrone N, Keeler GJ, Nriagu JO (1996) Regional dilIerences in worldwide emissions of mercury to the
atmosphere. Atmos Environ 30 (17):2981-2987
Poissant L, Casimir A (1996) Water-air and soil-air exchange rate of total gaseous mercury measured
in southern Quebec (Canada). In: Ebinghaus R, Petersen G, Tiimpling Uv (eds) 4th Int Conf on
Mercury as a global pollutant, Book of Abstracts, Hamburg Aug, 4-8, 1996, P 136 (GKSS
Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck-Str, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany)
47
McNerney J, Buseck PR (1973) Geochemical exploration using mercury vapor. Econ Geol 68:1313-1320
Meji R (1991) The fate of mercury in coal-fired power plants and the influence of wet flue-gas
desulphurization. Water Air Soil Pollut 56:21-33
Midwest Research Institute (MRI) (1993) Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of
mercury and mercury compounds. EPA-454/R-93-023, USEPA, Sept, 1993, Chicago
MME (1992) Base Energetica Brasileria, Ministerio das Minas e Energia, Brasilia
Ming G (1994) In Evaluation on the role and distribution of mercury in ecosystems with special
emphasis on tropical regions. SCOPE, Rio de Janeiro (unpublished)
Mukherjee AB (1989) The release of Cd and Hg into the Finnish environment. Ministry of
environment. Helsinki, Finland, Rep No 64, 93 pp
Mukherjee AB, Innanen S, Verta M (1995) An update of the mercury inventory and atmospheric
mercury fluxes to and from Finland. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:255-264
Munthe ) (1992) The aqueous oxidation of elemental mercury by ozone. Atmos. Environ, 26A:14611468
Munthe ) (1993) Mercury in the atmosphere - emissions, transformations, deposition and effects.
Report prepared for the worksh on Emissions and modelling of persistent organic pollutants and
heavy metals, Durham, North Carolina, 6-7 May 1993
Munthe J, Hultberg H, Iverfeldt A (1995) Mechanisms of deposition of methylmercury and mercury to
conferous forests. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:363-371
Nico LG, Taphorn DC (1994) Mercury in fish from gold-mining regions in upper Cuyuni River system,
Venezuela, Fresenius Environ Bull 3:287-292
Nriagu)O (1989) A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals. Nature 338: 4749
Nriagu )0, Pacyna )M (1988) Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and
soils by trace metals. Nature 3P34-139
Nriagu ) (1994) Mechanistic steps in the photoreduction of mercury in natural waters. Sci. Total
Environ 154:1-8
Obolensky AA (1996) Natural mercury sources in the environment: contribution of Siberia In: Baeyens
W, Ebinghaus R, Vasiliev 0 (eds) Global and regional mercury cycles: sources, fluxes and mass
balances. NATO-AS I-Series 2. Environment vol 21. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 453-462
Pacyna)M (1993) Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals to the Baltic Sea. In: Proc Int conf on heavy
metals in the environment Toronto, vol I, pp 93-96
Pacyna JM (1994) Atmospheric emissions of anthropogenic mercury in Europe in 1990. NILU
technical report prepared for the Dutch TNO, Norwegian Institute for air research, Kjeller, Norway
Pacyna )M (1996) Emission inventories of atmospheric mercury from anthropogenic sources. In:
Baeyens W, Ebinghaus R, Vasiliev 0 (eds) Global and regional mercury cycles: sources, fluxes and
mass balances. NATO-AS I Series 2. Environment vol. 21. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp
161-178
Pai P, Karamanchandani P, Seigneur Ch (1997) Simulation of the regional atmospheric transport and
fate of mercury using a comprehensive Eulerian model. Atmos Environ 31:2717-2732
Patrick WH (1994) From wastelands to wetlands. J Environ Qual 23:892-896
Petersen G, Iverfeldt A, Munthe J (1995) Atmospheric mercury species over central and northern
Europe. Model calculations and comparison with observations from the Nordic air and
precipitation network for 1987 and 1988. Atmos Environ 29 (1): 47-67
Petersen G, Munthe J, Bloxam R (1996) Numerical modeling of regional transport, chemical
transformations and deposition fluxes of airborne mercury species. In: Baeyens W, Ebinghaus R,
and Vasiliev 0 (eds) Global and regional mercury cycles: sources, fluxes and mass balances. NATOASI Series, 2. Environment vol. 21. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 191-218
Pfeiffer WC, Lacerda LD (1988) Mercury inputs into the Amazon Region, Brazil. Environ Technol Lett
9:325-330
Pirrone N, Keeler GJ, Nriagu JO (1996) Regional dilIerences in worldwide emissions of mercury to the
atmosphere. Atmos Environ 30 (17):2981-2987
Poissant L, Casimir A (1996) Water-air and soil-air exchange rate of total gaseous mercury measured
in southern Quebec (Canada). In: Ebinghaus R, Petersen G, Tiimpling Uv (eds) 4th Int Conf on
Mercury as a global pollutant, Book of Abstracts, Hamburg Aug, 4-8, 1996, P 136 (GKSS
Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Max-Planck-Str, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany)