234
E.P. Yanin and N.N. Moskalenko
our estimations, the global total multisource Hg emission into the environment
totals 140-150 t. According to preliminary assessments, the annual Hg input into
the environment totals approximately 10 t (Russia) and about 18 t (the CIS
countries).
Modern luminescent lamp plants located in different cities of the CIS are the
emission source of many chemical elements into the environment (Pb, Cd, Hg,
TJ, Mo, W, rare earth elements, Zn, Ni, F, Sb, As, Li, Cu, etc.). The intensity and
scale of mercury environmental pollution is often less than that of heavy metals
that are used in production or are part of the raw materials. This fact should be
taken into consideration while working out ecological programmes and
conducting research work in the regions close to such plants. It should be
remembered that any enterprise using Hg in its technological cycle is a source of
increased hygienic and ecological hazard. The data on Hg accumulation in the
human body and occupational diseases of workers confirm this fact. The quality
of a city environment may be determined to a significant extent by the operation
of large electrical engineering plants.
In general, when discussing ecological safety issues pertaining to the
production and use of luminescent lamps one should distinguish the following:
(1) ecological aspects connected with environmental pollution caused by the
production and use of lamps; (2) problems of occupational hazards and
industrial sanitation; (3) social and domestic aspects connected with the
probability of inadvertent and premeditated input of Hg and its compounds
and of other pollutants into private homes and public buildings, etc.; (4)
technological problems of technology improvement, purification improvement,
waste utilization and the development of utilization methods for used electrical
engineering goods; (5) organizational problems of used goods collection. Public
education activities aimed at explaining mercury and heavy metal pollution
hazards when using luminescent lamps and other electrical engineering goods
are of great importance.
Acknowledgements The present chapter was prepared with partial support of the Program on Peace
and International Cooperation of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
References
Avrukh VS (1994) Waste mercury-containing lamps are an environmental hazard. In: Mercury
hazards - the problem of the 20th century. The Foundation for Mercury Hazards, St. Petersburg, pp
38-44 (in Russian)
Burenkov EK, Yanin EP, Kizhapkin SA, et al. (1993) Ecological-geochemical assessment of the Saransk
environment. IMGRE, Moscow (in Russian)
Dobryansky LA, Artemenko VM, Morozov VI (1992) Mercury in the environment of some Ukrainian
towns. IGN ANU, Kiev (in Russian)
Fedorov VV (1969) Production of luminescent lamps. Energiya, Moscow (in Russian)
Fedorov VV (1992) Luminescent lamps. Energoatomizdat, Moscow (in Russian)
Kokinov AM, Fedorenko AS, Prytkov AA (1994) Methods of mercury hazard reduction in production
and use of light sources. In: Mercury hazards - the problem of the 20th century. The Foundation for
Mercury Hazards, St Petersburg, pp 79-82 (in Russian)
E.P. Yanin and N.N. Moskalenko
our estimations, the global total multisource Hg emission into the environment
totals 140-150 t. According to preliminary assessments, the annual Hg input into
the environment totals approximately 10 t (Russia) and about 18 t (the CIS
countries).
Modern luminescent lamp plants located in different cities of the CIS are the
emission source of many chemical elements into the environment (Pb, Cd, Hg,
TJ, Mo, W, rare earth elements, Zn, Ni, F, Sb, As, Li, Cu, etc.). The intensity and
scale of mercury environmental pollution is often less than that of heavy metals
that are used in production or are part of the raw materials. This fact should be
taken into consideration while working out ecological programmes and
conducting research work in the regions close to such plants. It should be
remembered that any enterprise using Hg in its technological cycle is a source of
increased hygienic and ecological hazard. The data on Hg accumulation in the
human body and occupational diseases of workers confirm this fact. The quality
of a city environment may be determined to a significant extent by the operation
of large electrical engineering plants.
In general, when discussing ecological safety issues pertaining to the
production and use of luminescent lamps one should distinguish the following:
(1) ecological aspects connected with environmental pollution caused by the
production and use of lamps; (2) problems of occupational hazards and
industrial sanitation; (3) social and domestic aspects connected with the
probability of inadvertent and premeditated input of Hg and its compounds
and of other pollutants into private homes and public buildings, etc.; (4)
technological problems of technology improvement, purification improvement,
waste utilization and the development of utilization methods for used electrical
engineering goods; (5) organizational problems of used goods collection. Public
education activities aimed at explaining mercury and heavy metal pollution
hazards when using luminescent lamps and other electrical engineering goods
are of great importance.
Acknowledgements The present chapter was prepared with partial support of the Program on Peace
and International Cooperation of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
References
Avrukh VS (1994) Waste mercury-containing lamps are an environmental hazard. In: Mercury
hazards - the problem of the 20th century. The Foundation for Mercury Hazards, St. Petersburg, pp
38-44 (in Russian)
Burenkov EK, Yanin EP, Kizhapkin SA, et al. (1993) Ecological-geochemical assessment of the Saransk
environment. IMGRE, Moscow (in Russian)
Dobryansky LA, Artemenko VM, Morozov VI (1992) Mercury in the environment of some Ukrainian
towns. IGN ANU, Kiev (in Russian)
Fedorov VV (1969) Production of luminescent lamps. Energiya, Moscow (in Russian)
Fedorov VV (1992) Luminescent lamps. Energoatomizdat, Moscow (in Russian)
Kokinov AM, Fedorenko AS, Prytkov AA (1994) Methods of mercury hazard reduction in production
and use of light sources. In: Mercury hazards - the problem of the 20th century. The Foundation for
Mercury Hazards, St Petersburg, pp 79-82 (in Russian)