86
L.D. Lacerda and W. Salomons
Fisher JR (1977) Silver mines and silver miners in colonial Peru, 1776-1824. Centre for Latin american
Studies, Univ Liverpool, Liverpool
Fitzgerald WF, Mason RP, Vandal GM (1991) Atmospheric cycling and air-water exchange of mercury
over mid-continental lacustrine regions. Water Air Soil Pollut 56:745-767
Fuge R, Pearce NIG, Perkins WT (1992) Mercury and gold mining. Nature 357:369
Gambrell RP (1994) Trace and toxic metals in wetlands - a review. J Environ Qual 23:883-891
Gill GA, Bruland KW (1990) Mercury speciation in surface freshwater systems in California and other
areas. Environ Sci Technol 24:1392-1400
Gustin MS, Leonard GETT (1994) Mercury evasion from contaminated landscape elements, Carson
River Superfund Site, Nevada. In: Proc Int Conf Mercury as a Global Pollutant. Whistler BC, Section
III, Abstract
Hacon S (1966) Exposicao ao mercurio da populacao humana da Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. phD
Thesis, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, p 134
Hacon S, Artaxo P, Gerab F, Yamasoe MA, Calix to RC, Conti LF (1995) Atmospheric mercury and
trace elements in the region of Alta Floresta in the Amazon Basin. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:273-283
Huckabee JW, Elwood JW, Hildebrand SG (1979) Accumulation of mercury by freshwater biota, In:
Nriagu JO (ed) The biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment. ElsevierlNorth Holland,
Amsterdam, pp 277-307
James LP (1994) The mercury tromol mill: an innovative gold recovery technique and a possible
environmental concern. J Geochem Explor 50:493-500
Jordan CF, Golley FB, Hall J, Hall J (1980) Nutrient scavenging of rainfall by the canopy of an
Amazonian rain forest. Biotropica 12:61-66
Kelly M (1988) Mining and the freshwater environment. Elsevier London, 231 pp
Kim K-H, Lindberg S, Hanson PJ, Meyers TP, Owens I (1993) Application of micrometeorological
methods to measurements of mercury emissions over contaminated soils. Proc Int Conf Heavy
Metals in the Environment, Toronto 1:328-331
Kothny E (1974) The three-phase equilibrium of mercury in nature. In: Gould RT (ed) Trace elements
in the environment. Adv Chern Ser 123:48-91
Kozlowiski TT (1984) Plant responses to flooding of soil. BioScience 34:162-167
Lacerda LD, Marins RV (1997) Antropogenic mercury emissions to the atmosphere in Brazil: the
impact of gold mining. J Geochem Explor 58:223-229
Lacerda LD, Salomons W (1998) Mercury from gold and silver mining. A chemical time bomb.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 146 pp
Lacerda LD, DePaula FC, Ovalle ARC, Pfeiffer WC, Maim ° (1990) Trace metals in fluvial sediments of
the Madeira River watershed, Amazon, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 97/98:525-530
Lacerda LD, Marins RV, Souza CMM, Rodrigues S, Pfeiffer WC, Bastos WR (1991a) Mercury dispersal
in water, sediments and aquatic biota of a gold mining tailings drainage in Pocone, Brazil. Water
Air Soil Pollut 55:283-294
Lacerda LD, Salomons W, Pfeiffer WC, Bastos WR (1991b) Mercury distribution in sediment profiles
of remote high Pantanal lakes, central Brasil. Biogeochemistry 14:71-77
Lacerda LD, Maim 0, Guimaraes IRD, Salomons W (1995) Mercury and the new gold rush in the
south. In: Salomons W, Stigliani W (eds) Biogeodynamics of pollutants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg
New York, pp 213-245
Lane PA, Crowell MJ, Graves MC (1988) Heavy metal removal from gold mining and tailings effluents
using indigenous aquatic macrophytes (Phase I). CNMET Spec Publ SP88-23, pp 3-37
Lechler PJ (1993) Mercury vapor sampling at the Carson river superfund site. Int Conf Heavy Metal in
the Environment, Toronto 1:377-380
Lechler PJ, Miller, JR (1993) The dispersion of mercury, gold, and silver from contaminated mill
tailings at the Carson River mercury superfund site, west-central Nevada, USA. In: Abrao JJ,
Wasserman IC, Silva-Filho EV (eds) Proc Int Symp Perspectives for Environmental Geochemistry
in Tropical Countries, Rio de Janeiro, 1993, pp 433-436
Mallas J, Benedicto N (1986) Mercury and gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon. Ambio 15:248-249
Maim 0, Pfeiffer WC, Souza CMM (1991) Main pathways of mercury in the Madeira River area,
Rondonia, Brazil. Proc Int Conf Heavy Metals Environment, Edinburgh 1:515-518
L.D. Lacerda and W. Salomons
Fisher JR (1977) Silver mines and silver miners in colonial Peru, 1776-1824. Centre for Latin american
Studies, Univ Liverpool, Liverpool
Fitzgerald WF, Mason RP, Vandal GM (1991) Atmospheric cycling and air-water exchange of mercury
over mid-continental lacustrine regions. Water Air Soil Pollut 56:745-767
Fuge R, Pearce NIG, Perkins WT (1992) Mercury and gold mining. Nature 357:369
Gambrell RP (1994) Trace and toxic metals in wetlands - a review. J Environ Qual 23:883-891
Gill GA, Bruland KW (1990) Mercury speciation in surface freshwater systems in California and other
areas. Environ Sci Technol 24:1392-1400
Gustin MS, Leonard GETT (1994) Mercury evasion from contaminated landscape elements, Carson
River Superfund Site, Nevada. In: Proc Int Conf Mercury as a Global Pollutant. Whistler BC, Section
III, Abstract
Hacon S (1966) Exposicao ao mercurio da populacao humana da Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. phD
Thesis, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, p 134
Hacon S, Artaxo P, Gerab F, Yamasoe MA, Calix to RC, Conti LF (1995) Atmospheric mercury and
trace elements in the region of Alta Floresta in the Amazon Basin. Water Air Soil Pollut 80:273-283
Huckabee JW, Elwood JW, Hildebrand SG (1979) Accumulation of mercury by freshwater biota, In:
Nriagu JO (ed) The biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment. ElsevierlNorth Holland,
Amsterdam, pp 277-307
James LP (1994) The mercury tromol mill: an innovative gold recovery technique and a possible
environmental concern. J Geochem Explor 50:493-500
Jordan CF, Golley FB, Hall J, Hall J (1980) Nutrient scavenging of rainfall by the canopy of an
Amazonian rain forest. Biotropica 12:61-66
Kelly M (1988) Mining and the freshwater environment. Elsevier London, 231 pp
Kim K-H, Lindberg S, Hanson PJ, Meyers TP, Owens I (1993) Application of micrometeorological
methods to measurements of mercury emissions over contaminated soils. Proc Int Conf Heavy
Metals in the Environment, Toronto 1:328-331
Kothny E (1974) The three-phase equilibrium of mercury in nature. In: Gould RT (ed) Trace elements
in the environment. Adv Chern Ser 123:48-91
Kozlowiski TT (1984) Plant responses to flooding of soil. BioScience 34:162-167
Lacerda LD, Marins RV (1997) Antropogenic mercury emissions to the atmosphere in Brazil: the
impact of gold mining. J Geochem Explor 58:223-229
Lacerda LD, Salomons W (1998) Mercury from gold and silver mining. A chemical time bomb.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 146 pp
Lacerda LD, DePaula FC, Ovalle ARC, Pfeiffer WC, Maim ° (1990) Trace metals in fluvial sediments of
the Madeira River watershed, Amazon, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 97/98:525-530
Lacerda LD, Marins RV, Souza CMM, Rodrigues S, Pfeiffer WC, Bastos WR (1991a) Mercury dispersal
in water, sediments and aquatic biota of a gold mining tailings drainage in Pocone, Brazil. Water
Air Soil Pollut 55:283-294
Lacerda LD, Salomons W, Pfeiffer WC, Bastos WR (1991b) Mercury distribution in sediment profiles
of remote high Pantanal lakes, central Brasil. Biogeochemistry 14:71-77
Lacerda LD, Maim 0, Guimaraes IRD, Salomons W (1995) Mercury and the new gold rush in the
south. In: Salomons W, Stigliani W (eds) Biogeodynamics of pollutants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg
New York, pp 213-245
Lane PA, Crowell MJ, Graves MC (1988) Heavy metal removal from gold mining and tailings effluents
using indigenous aquatic macrophytes (Phase I). CNMET Spec Publ SP88-23, pp 3-37
Lechler PJ (1993) Mercury vapor sampling at the Carson river superfund site. Int Conf Heavy Metal in
the Environment, Toronto 1:377-380
Lechler PJ, Miller, JR (1993) The dispersion of mercury, gold, and silver from contaminated mill
tailings at the Carson River mercury superfund site, west-central Nevada, USA. In: Abrao JJ,
Wasserman IC, Silva-Filho EV (eds) Proc Int Symp Perspectives for Environmental Geochemistry
in Tropical Countries, Rio de Janeiro, 1993, pp 433-436
Mallas J, Benedicto N (1986) Mercury and gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon. Ambio 15:248-249
Maim 0, Pfeiffer WC, Souza CMM (1991) Main pathways of mercury in the Madeira River area,
Rondonia, Brazil. Proc Int Conf Heavy Metals Environment, Edinburgh 1:515-518