Nitrogen Removal through Ammonia Release from Holding Ponds
515
conditions values in formula (25) that represents plug flow conditions.
Plotting of the C/C Q values, calculated according to eq. (25) for plug flow, in Fig. 4
shows that in the second run, in which the residence time was less than 1.5 days, the
theoretical line coincides with the values experimentally obtained. Furthermore, in the
first run the slope of the theoretical lines of the last two containers, whose detention time
was less than 1.5 days, is identical with the measured results. On the other hand the slope
of C/C , in the 4 preceding containers with a detention time of 2 days, is shallower than
that of the theoretical line. These findings are even more pronounced in the third run of
tests with still larger detention times (Fig. 5). From the above considerations, it may be
concluded that under the same environmental conditions, the same amount of ammonia
would be released by continuously flowing the liquid through a series of containers with a
residence time of 1.5 days each or less, as from a batch-operated container of the same
depth and total residence time.
For serial ponds, the final relative ammonia concentration can be expressed as a
function of their total area and the effluent flow rate combining formulae (21) and (25).
kj (1+0.41ιι)ΔΘ
C/C 0 = e"
Q
(27)
As an example of application of the results obtained in this work, under ordinary
winter conditions in the coastal area of Israel (average wind velocity of 8 km/h) it should
be possible to decrease ammonia concentration by 90% by flowing lime treated effluent
through a series of 10 ponds each with a 1.5 days residence time.
REFERENCES
1 KUHN, P.A., "Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Sewage Effluent". A thesis submitted in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.Sc. at the Univ. of Wisconsin (1956).
2 CALP, R.L., "Wastewater Reclamation at South Tahoe Public Utilization District". Jour. Amer.
Water Works Assn. Vol 60, p.84 (Jan. 1968).
3 STANDER, G.J. and VAN VUUREN, L.R.J., "The Reclamation of Potable Water from
Wastewater". Jour. Wat. Poll. Control Fed. Vol. 41, No. 3, Part 1, p.335-367 (1969).
4 STRATTON, F.E., "Nitrogen Losses from Alkaline Water Impoundments". Jour. Amer. Soc. Civil
Engr., Vol. 95, SA2, p.223 (April 1969).
5 STRATTON, F.E., "Ammonia Nitrogen Losses from Streams". Jour. Amer. Soc. Civil Engr., Vol.
94, SA6, p.1085 (Dec. 1968).
6 SLESS, J.B., "The Role of Algae in Sewage Stabilization Ponds in Israel". Sanitary Engineering
Laboratories, Technion, I.I.T. Progress Report CV-42 (1967).
7 HANEY, P.D., "Theoretical Principles of Aeration". Jour. Water Works Assn. Vol. 46, p.353
(1954).
8 LEWIS, W.K. and WHITMAN, W.C., "Principles of Gas Absorption". Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 16,
p.1215 (1925).
9 TRAYBAL, R.E., Mass Transfer Operation. McGraw Hill, Series in Chemical Eng. N.Y. p.78
(1955).
10 DOWNING, A.L., "Aeration in Relation to Water Treatment". Proc. Soc. Water Treatment and
Exm. Vol. 7, p.66-95 (1958).
11 BAYLEY, R.W., "Desorption of Waste Water Gases in Air". Eff. and Water Treatment Jour. Vol. 7,
p.78-84 (1967).
12 FOLKMAN, Y., "Reclamation of Stabilization Pond Effluents by Optimal Chemical Treatment".
Thesis for the Degree of D.Sc. Sanitary Engineering Laboratories, Technion, I.I.T. Haifa, Israel
(July 1970).
515
conditions values in formula (25) that represents plug flow conditions.
Plotting of the C/C Q values, calculated according to eq. (25) for plug flow, in Fig. 4
shows that in the second run, in which the residence time was less than 1.5 days, the
theoretical line coincides with the values experimentally obtained. Furthermore, in the
first run the slope of the theoretical lines of the last two containers, whose detention time
was less than 1.5 days, is identical with the measured results. On the other hand the slope
of C/C , in the 4 preceding containers with a detention time of 2 days, is shallower than
that of the theoretical line. These findings are even more pronounced in the third run of
tests with still larger detention times (Fig. 5). From the above considerations, it may be
concluded that under the same environmental conditions, the same amount of ammonia
would be released by continuously flowing the liquid through a series of containers with a
residence time of 1.5 days each or less, as from a batch-operated container of the same
depth and total residence time.
For serial ponds, the final relative ammonia concentration can be expressed as a
function of their total area and the effluent flow rate combining formulae (21) and (25).
kj (1+0.41ιι)ΔΘ
C/C 0 = e"
Q
(27)
As an example of application of the results obtained in this work, under ordinary
winter conditions in the coastal area of Israel (average wind velocity of 8 km/h) it should
be possible to decrease ammonia concentration by 90% by flowing lime treated effluent
through a series of 10 ponds each with a 1.5 days residence time.
REFERENCES
1 KUHN, P.A., "Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Sewage Effluent". A thesis submitted in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.Sc. at the Univ. of Wisconsin (1956).
2 CALP, R.L., "Wastewater Reclamation at South Tahoe Public Utilization District". Jour. Amer.
Water Works Assn. Vol 60, p.84 (Jan. 1968).
3 STANDER, G.J. and VAN VUUREN, L.R.J., "The Reclamation of Potable Water from
Wastewater". Jour. Wat. Poll. Control Fed. Vol. 41, No. 3, Part 1, p.335-367 (1969).
4 STRATTON, F.E., "Nitrogen Losses from Alkaline Water Impoundments". Jour. Amer. Soc. Civil
Engr., Vol. 95, SA2, p.223 (April 1969).
5 STRATTON, F.E., "Ammonia Nitrogen Losses from Streams". Jour. Amer. Soc. Civil Engr., Vol.
94, SA6, p.1085 (Dec. 1968).
6 SLESS, J.B., "The Role of Algae in Sewage Stabilization Ponds in Israel". Sanitary Engineering
Laboratories, Technion, I.I.T. Progress Report CV-42 (1967).
7 HANEY, P.D., "Theoretical Principles of Aeration". Jour. Water Works Assn. Vol. 46, p.353
(1954).
8 LEWIS, W.K. and WHITMAN, W.C., "Principles of Gas Absorption". Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 16,
p.1215 (1925).
9 TRAYBAL, R.E., Mass Transfer Operation. McGraw Hill, Series in Chemical Eng. N.Y. p.78
(1955).
10 DOWNING, A.L., "Aeration in Relation to Water Treatment". Proc. Soc. Water Treatment and
Exm. Vol. 7, p.66-95 (1958).
11 BAYLEY, R.W., "Desorption of Waste Water Gases in Air". Eff. and Water Treatment Jour. Vol. 7,
p.78-84 (1967).
12 FOLKMAN, Y., "Reclamation of Stabilization Pond Effluents by Optimal Chemical Treatment".
Thesis for the Degree of D.Sc. Sanitary Engineering Laboratories, Technion, I.I.T. Haifa, Israel
(July 1970).