456
Discussion
REFERENCES
1. KALINSKE, A.A., Turbulence diffusivity in activated sludge aeration basins. Presented at the 5th
Int. Conf. on Water Poll. Research, San Francisco, USA.
2. FORD, D.L., Formal discussion to Kalbskopft and Knop. Presented at the 4th Int. Conf. on Water
Poll. Research. Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968.
3. ECKENFELDER, W.W., and FORD, D.L., Water Pollution and Control: Experimental Procedures
for Process Design, Texas: The Pemberton Press, 1070.
W. Engelbart, Germany
Using trickling filters or rotating bio discs or pipe filters, the oxygen mass transfer rate per square
unit can be about 50 - 100 times higher than with floes or single cells. Theoretical considerations
suggest that it is impossible to get sufficient relative speed of oxygen transfer with normal activated
sludge floes. But according to research work in interfacial chemistry, we should have relative speeds as
high as possible, for example 300 - 600 mm/s or more. To attain this the organisms need to be
attached to surfaces and to have nutrient run over this film of growth. From this we have developed a
form of growth we term "adhesive culture" as distinct from the form of growth which may be called
"submerged culture."
Discussion
REFERENCES
1. KALINSKE, A.A., Turbulence diffusivity in activated sludge aeration basins. Presented at the 5th
Int. Conf. on Water Poll. Research, San Francisco, USA.
2. FORD, D.L., Formal discussion to Kalbskopft and Knop. Presented at the 4th Int. Conf. on Water
Poll. Research. Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968.
3. ECKENFELDER, W.W., and FORD, D.L., Water Pollution and Control: Experimental Procedures
for Process Design, Texas: The Pemberton Press, 1070.
W. Engelbart, Germany
Using trickling filters or rotating bio discs or pipe filters, the oxygen mass transfer rate per square
unit can be about 50 - 100 times higher than with floes or single cells. Theoretical considerations
suggest that it is impossible to get sufficient relative speed of oxygen transfer with normal activated
sludge floes. But according to research work in interfacial chemistry, we should have relative speeds as
high as possible, for example 300 - 600 mm/s or more. To attain this the organisms need to be
attached to surfaces and to have nutrient run over this film of growth. From this we have developed a
form of growth we term "adhesive culture" as distinct from the form of growth which may be called
"submerged culture."