318
G. Söderlund
One interesting observation is that the amount of pollutants is linearly related to the
rainfall intensity and independent of the interval from the beginning of the downpour. As
seen from Fig. 6, showing suspended solids versus flow, the correlation coefficient for the
best line is 0.92. Other parameters, especially the heavy metals, did not display this
extremely high correlation (Fig. 7); the significance of this close association, however, is
that there was no "washing out" effect. This is important if the storm-water run-off has
to be collected and treated.
CONCLUSIONS
From the results of this investigation the following conclusions may be drawn.
1. Storm-water run-off from modern urban areas is contaminated to the same extent as
mixed storm overflow from combined sewers.
2. During a downpour very large amounts of pollutants flow into the water recipients in a
short time.
3. There is a close correlation between high rainfall intensity and the concentration of
pollutants.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This investigation has been sponsored by the Swedish Board for Technical
Development.
REFERENCES
1 SÖDERLUND, G., LEHTINEN, H. and FRIBERG, S., Physicochemical and Microbiological
Properties of Urban Storm-Water Run-Off. - Presented at the 5th International Water Pollution
Research Conference, San Francisco, (July-August 1970).
2 KURZWEIL, H.E., Gesundheitsingenieur 85, Heft 6 (1954).
3 KURZWEIL, H.E., Ueber die Zulässigkeit der Einleitung von Niederschlagwässern . Dissertation
der Hochschule für Bodenkultur Wien (1961).
4 WILKINSON, R., The Quality of Rainfall Run-Off Water from a Housing Estate. J. Inst. Pub.
Health Engr. (Brit.) (1954).
5 DUNBAR, D.D. and HENRY, J.G.F., Pollution Control Measures for Storm-Waters and Combined
Sewer Overflows. J.W.P.C.F. 38, 9 (1966).
6 GAMESQN, A.L.H. and DAVIDSON, R.N., Storm-Water Investigations at Northampton. Annual
Conference, Institute of Sewage Purification. Llandudno, N. Wales (1962).
7 BENZIE, W.J. and COURCHAINE, R.J., Discharges from Separate Storm Sewers and Combined
Sewers, J.W.P.C.F., 38, 3, 410 (1966).
8 BURM, R.J. and VAUGHAN, R.D., Bacteriological Comparison Between Combined and Separate
Sewer Discharges in Southeastern Michigan, J.W.P.C.F., 38, 3, 400 (1966).
9 BURM, R.J., The Bacteriological Effect of Combined Sewer Overflows on the Detroit River.
J.W.P.C.F., 39, 3, 410 (1967).
10 BURM, R.J., KRAWEZYK, D.F. and HARLOW, G.L., Chemical and Physical Comparison of
Combined and Separate Sewer Discharges, J.W.P.C.F., 40, 1, 112 (1968).
11 NIKLASSON, L., Lokal förorening av recipient vid olika avloppssystem. Vatten 26, 1, 24 (1970).
12 Problems of Combined Sewer Facilities and Overflows 1967, Water Pollution Control Research
Series WP-20-11, U.S. Dept. of Interior, FWCPA (December 1, 1967).
G. Söderlund
One interesting observation is that the amount of pollutants is linearly related to the
rainfall intensity and independent of the interval from the beginning of the downpour. As
seen from Fig. 6, showing suspended solids versus flow, the correlation coefficient for the
best line is 0.92. Other parameters, especially the heavy metals, did not display this
extremely high correlation (Fig. 7); the significance of this close association, however, is
that there was no "washing out" effect. This is important if the storm-water run-off has
to be collected and treated.
CONCLUSIONS
From the results of this investigation the following conclusions may be drawn.
1. Storm-water run-off from modern urban areas is contaminated to the same extent as
mixed storm overflow from combined sewers.
2. During a downpour very large amounts of pollutants flow into the water recipients in a
short time.
3. There is a close correlation between high rainfall intensity and the concentration of
pollutants.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This investigation has been sponsored by the Swedish Board for Technical
Development.
REFERENCES
1 SÖDERLUND, G., LEHTINEN, H. and FRIBERG, S., Physicochemical and Microbiological
Properties of Urban Storm-Water Run-Off. - Presented at the 5th International Water Pollution
Research Conference, San Francisco, (July-August 1970).
2 KURZWEIL, H.E., Gesundheitsingenieur 85, Heft 6 (1954).
3 KURZWEIL, H.E., Ueber die Zulässigkeit der Einleitung von Niederschlagwässern . Dissertation
der Hochschule für Bodenkultur Wien (1961).
4 WILKINSON, R., The Quality of Rainfall Run-Off Water from a Housing Estate. J. Inst. Pub.
Health Engr. (Brit.) (1954).
5 DUNBAR, D.D. and HENRY, J.G.F., Pollution Control Measures for Storm-Waters and Combined
Sewer Overflows. J.W.P.C.F. 38, 9 (1966).
6 GAMESQN, A.L.H. and DAVIDSON, R.N., Storm-Water Investigations at Northampton. Annual
Conference, Institute of Sewage Purification. Llandudno, N. Wales (1962).
7 BENZIE, W.J. and COURCHAINE, R.J., Discharges from Separate Storm Sewers and Combined
Sewers, J.W.P.C.F., 38, 3, 410 (1966).
8 BURM, R.J. and VAUGHAN, R.D., Bacteriological Comparison Between Combined and Separate
Sewer Discharges in Southeastern Michigan, J.W.P.C.F., 38, 3, 400 (1966).
9 BURM, R.J., The Bacteriological Effect of Combined Sewer Overflows on the Detroit River.
J.W.P.C.F., 39, 3, 410 (1967).
10 BURM, R.J., KRAWEZYK, D.F. and HARLOW, G.L., Chemical and Physical Comparison of
Combined and Separate Sewer Discharges, J.W.P.C.F., 40, 1, 112 (1968).
11 NIKLASSON, L., Lokal förorening av recipient vid olika avloppssystem. Vatten 26, 1, 24 (1970).
12 Problems of Combined Sewer Facilities and Overflows 1967, Water Pollution Control Research
Series WP-20-11, U.S. Dept. of Interior, FWCPA (December 1, 1967).