by artisanal fishing activities (passive gear) and tourism
activities (founded by/on local community), with the
absence of aquaculture activity. The sanitation in the
study area has an incapable and failing system, due to
passive pumping of domestic and industrial discharge.
This system does not collect discharge below the collector system, and this explains the high number of
different types of discharge in the area. As a result,
sanitation and discharge factors contribute most to the
pollution vector score. The absence of landfills in the
area is reported (National Directorate for the Littoral of
Algeria CNL 2016). In terms of infrastructure, it should
be noted that the municipalities of Rais Hamidou and
Ain Bénian are served by a more important road and
port infrastructure than the other municipalities. For
regulatory protection, and in order to mitigate the impacts of these pressures, the area is partially covered by
Act No. 02-02 on the protection and enhancement of
the coast. However, there is a clear lack of implementation of these measures in the field.
Mid-point
The results of the distribution of the scores of the four
sub-indexes related to anthropogenic pressures are
shown in Fig. 6. The results show that the highest
scores are found in urbanization (Ur), which is the main
contributor to the pressures exerted on the coasts of
these municipalities. According to MHUPC (2016),
Bab El Oued is part of the hyper-center, while the
Fig. 4 Distribution of environmental sensitivity in the study area
42678
Environ Sci Pollut Res (2020) 27:42670–42684
Author's personal copy
activities (founded by/on local community), with the
absence of aquaculture activity. The sanitation in the
study area has an incapable and failing system, due to
passive pumping of domestic and industrial discharge.
This system does not collect discharge below the collector system, and this explains the high number of
different types of discharge in the area. As a result,
sanitation and discharge factors contribute most to the
pollution vector score. The absence of landfills in the
area is reported (National Directorate for the Littoral of
Algeria CNL 2016). In terms of infrastructure, it should
be noted that the municipalities of Rais Hamidou and
Ain Bénian are served by a more important road and
port infrastructure than the other municipalities. For
regulatory protection, and in order to mitigate the impacts of these pressures, the area is partially covered by
Act No. 02-02 on the protection and enhancement of
the coast. However, there is a clear lack of implementation of these measures in the field.
Mid-point
The results of the distribution of the scores of the four
sub-indexes related to anthropogenic pressures are
shown in Fig. 6. The results show that the highest
scores are found in urbanization (Ur), which is the main
contributor to the pressures exerted on the coasts of
these municipalities. According to MHUPC (2016),
Bab El Oued is part of the hyper-center, while the
Fig. 4 Distribution of environmental sensitivity in the study area
42678
Environ Sci Pollut Res (2020) 27:42670–42684
Author's personal copy