182
.
Radiation Fluxes in Natural Environments
Angle (degrees)
cylinder, flat ends
4h sin 0
A
COS e+ -
P -
-nd
A
4h
2+d
C
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Angle (degrees)
cylinder, hemisphere ends
0.3 ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Angle (degrees)
FIGURE 11.6. Ratios of shadow area on a surface perpendicular to the solar beam
to total surface area for three simulated animal shapes. The angle indicated is the
angle between the solar beam and the longitudinal axis of the solid.