Southeast Asia
Chansang H, Satapoomin U, Poovachiranon S (eds) 11999b).
Coral Reef Maps of Ttiailand. Volume 2. Andaman Sea. Coral
Reef Management Programme, Department of Fisheries. Iln
Thai language.)
Hydrographic Office (1975). Mergui Archipelago. British
Admiralty Ctiart No. 216. 1:300 000. September 1975.
Taunton, UK,
Maps 10b, lOc.lOd.lOe
Coral
reef
data
are
largely
based on arcs from
Petrcconsultants SA (1990)'. Some additional areas were
added by experts during the Regional Reefs at Risk workshop
in Manila, 2000. For the Riau Archipelago high resolution data
were generously provided through the Regional Reefs at Risk
project. These are based on Landsat TM at a working scale of
1:30 000.
but further reefs were added based on simple annotation
provided by Cheng-feng Dai (Professor, Institute of
Oceanography, Taiwan).
For China, coral reef data have been taken as arcs from
Petroconsultants SA 11990]*. For Vietnam, coral reef data were
provided on a series of hand annotated base maps (various
scales between approximately 1 : 1 00 000 and 1 :750 000), based
on the expert knowledge of Vo Si Tuan (Head, Department of
Marine Living Resources, Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam).
Gaps in this map coverage were filled with data from
Petroconsultants SA 11990).
Environment Agency (1981-1987), Actual Vegetation Map,
Okinawa. 1-29. 1:50 000. The 3rd National Survey on the
Natural Environment (Vegetation). Environment Agency,
Japan, |29-map series on 26 sheets).
Maps 10b and 10c
For large parts of Malaysia, coral reef data have been taken as
arcs from Petroconsultants SA 11990)*. For Sabah higher
resolution reef polygons were kindly made available through
the Regional Reefs at Risk Southeast Asia project, which plot
reefs at a scale of 1:200 000. For Brunei coral reef data have
been taken from De Silva et al 11992).
De Silva MV^/RN, Wright RAD. Matdanan HJH. Sharifuddin PHY,
Agbayani CV 11992). Coastal Environmental Sensitivity
Mapping of Brunei Darussalam. Department of Fisheries.
Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources and Brunei Shell
Petroleum Company, Brunei Darussalam.
Maps 1 0f and lOg
The coral reef map for the Philippines is largely based on two
sources: processed satellite imagery kindly provided by the
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
INAMRIAl and further details from Petroconsultants SA
11990)*. The former data were prepared from SPOT images
taken in 1987, at a scale of 1:250 000. Unfortunately expert
analysis showed significant reef areas were missing from this
analysis, so gaps were filled with the lower resolution
Petroconsultants SA data.
In addition, the sub-surface barrier reef system on the
western coast of Palawan was mapped based on Hydrographic
Office 11985). This data is based on Philippine Government
charts to 1976, Admiralty surveys of 1850-5/iand US surveys to
1937. As these are sub-surface reefs, they have not been
included in the reef area calculations.
Hydrographic Office (1985). South China Sea - Palawan. British
Admiralty Chart No. 967. 1:725 000. November 1985.
Taunton, UK.
NAMRIA (1988). Land Cover Maps, 1:250 000. National
Mapping and Resources Information Authority, Manila,
Republic of the Philippines.
Map 1 0h
Data showing reef areas in the Spratly Islands were prepared
by staff at the University of the Philippines Marine Sciences
Institute, using source materials at a scale of 1:250 000. It is
possible to distinguish between surface and sub-surface reefs
in this dataset, and only the former have been used in the
calculation of reef areas.
Map lOi
For Japan, coral reefs and mangrove areas for all the southern
islands are taken from Environment Agency (1981-1987). For
Taiwan, Petroconsultants SA (19901* was used as a base map.
• See Technical notes, page iOI
Chansang H, Satapoomin U, Poovachiranon S (eds) 11999b).
Coral Reef Maps of Ttiailand. Volume 2. Andaman Sea. Coral
Reef Management Programme, Department of Fisheries. Iln
Thai language.)
Hydrographic Office (1975). Mergui Archipelago. British
Admiralty Ctiart No. 216. 1:300 000. September 1975.
Taunton, UK,
Maps 10b, lOc.lOd.lOe
Coral
reef
data
are
largely
based on arcs from
Petrcconsultants SA (1990)'. Some additional areas were
added by experts during the Regional Reefs at Risk workshop
in Manila, 2000. For the Riau Archipelago high resolution data
were generously provided through the Regional Reefs at Risk
project. These are based on Landsat TM at a working scale of
1:30 000.
but further reefs were added based on simple annotation
provided by Cheng-feng Dai (Professor, Institute of
Oceanography, Taiwan).
For China, coral reef data have been taken as arcs from
Petroconsultants SA 11990]*. For Vietnam, coral reef data were
provided on a series of hand annotated base maps (various
scales between approximately 1 : 1 00 000 and 1 :750 000), based
on the expert knowledge of Vo Si Tuan (Head, Department of
Marine Living Resources, Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam).
Gaps in this map coverage were filled with data from
Petroconsultants SA 11990).
Environment Agency (1981-1987), Actual Vegetation Map,
Okinawa. 1-29. 1:50 000. The 3rd National Survey on the
Natural Environment (Vegetation). Environment Agency,
Japan, |29-map series on 26 sheets).
Maps 10b and 10c
For large parts of Malaysia, coral reef data have been taken as
arcs from Petroconsultants SA 11990)*. For Sabah higher
resolution reef polygons were kindly made available through
the Regional Reefs at Risk Southeast Asia project, which plot
reefs at a scale of 1:200 000. For Brunei coral reef data have
been taken from De Silva et al 11992).
De Silva MV^/RN, Wright RAD. Matdanan HJH. Sharifuddin PHY,
Agbayani CV 11992). Coastal Environmental Sensitivity
Mapping of Brunei Darussalam. Department of Fisheries.
Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources and Brunei Shell
Petroleum Company, Brunei Darussalam.
Maps 1 0f and lOg
The coral reef map for the Philippines is largely based on two
sources: processed satellite imagery kindly provided by the
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
INAMRIAl and further details from Petroconsultants SA
11990)*. The former data were prepared from SPOT images
taken in 1987, at a scale of 1:250 000. Unfortunately expert
analysis showed significant reef areas were missing from this
analysis, so gaps were filled with the lower resolution
Petroconsultants SA data.
In addition, the sub-surface barrier reef system on the
western coast of Palawan was mapped based on Hydrographic
Office 11985). This data is based on Philippine Government
charts to 1976, Admiralty surveys of 1850-5/iand US surveys to
1937. As these are sub-surface reefs, they have not been
included in the reef area calculations.
Hydrographic Office (1985). South China Sea - Palawan. British
Admiralty Chart No. 967. 1:725 000. November 1985.
Taunton, UK.
NAMRIA (1988). Land Cover Maps, 1:250 000. National
Mapping and Resources Information Authority, Manila,
Republic of the Philippines.
Map 1 0h
Data showing reef areas in the Spratly Islands were prepared
by staff at the University of the Philippines Marine Sciences
Institute, using source materials at a scale of 1:250 000. It is
possible to distinguish between surface and sub-surface reefs
in this dataset, and only the former have been used in the
calculation of reef areas.
Map lOi
For Japan, coral reefs and mangrove areas for all the southern
islands are taken from Environment Agency (1981-1987). For
Taiwan, Petroconsultants SA (19901* was used as a base map.
• See Technical notes, page iOI