Middle Eastern Seas
Coles SL 119881. Limitations on reef coral development in the
Arabian Gulf: temperature or algal competition. Proc 6th Int
Cora/ ffee^Symp 2: 211-216.
Coles SL.FadlallahYH 119911. Reef coral survival and mortality
at low temperatures m tfie Arabian Gulf: new speciesspecific lower temperature limits. Coral Reefs 9: 231-237.
Fadlallah YH, Allen KW, Estudillo RA 119941. Damage to
shallow reefs in the Gulf is caused by periodic exposure to air
during extreme low tides and low water temperatures ITarut
Bay, Eastern Saudi Arabia). In: Ginsburg RN led).
Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral
Reefs: Health, Hazards and History, 1993. Rosenstiel School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami,
Miami, USA.
McCain JC, Tarr AB, Carpenter KE. Coles SL 11984). Marine
ecology of Saudi Arabia: a survey of coral reefs and reef
fishes in the Northern Area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia.
Fauna of Saudi Arabia 6: 102-126.
MEPA, lUCN leds) 11987a). MEPA Coastal and Marine
Management Series, 6: Executive Summary - Arabian Gulf.
Saudi Arabia: An Assessment of Biotopes and Coastal Zone
Management Requirements for the Arabian Gulf.
Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
MEPA, lUCN leds) 11987b). MEPA Coastal and Marine
Management Series, 7: Red Sea and Arabian Gulf Saudi
Arabia: An Assessment of National Coastal Zone
Management Requirements. Meteorology and Environmental
Protection Administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
MEPA, lUCN leds) 11987c). MEPA Coastal and Marine
Management Series. 5: Technical Report 5 - Arabian Gulf
Saudi Arabia: An Assessment of Biotopes and Coastal Zone
Management Requirements for the Arabian Gulf.
Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Pilcher NJ, Wilson S, Alhazeem SH, Shokri MR 12000). Status
of coral reefs in the Arabian/Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea
region. In: Wilkinson CR led). Status of Coral Reefs of the
World: 2000. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape
Ferguson, Australia.
Price ARC 11990). Rapid assessment of coastal zone
management requirements: a case-study from the Arabian
Gulf. Ocean Shore Man 13: 1-19,
Price ARG, Robinson JH leds) 11993). Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 27: The 1991 Gulf War: Coastal and Marine
Environmental Consequences. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Sheppard C, Price A, Roberts C 11992). Marine Ecology of the
Arabian Region: Patterns and Processes in Extreme
Tropical Environments. Academic Press, London, UK.
Map sources
Map 9a
Reefs are taken from Hydrographic Office 11954, 1984, 1994).
Sources for these charts include some very old data, but also
surveys from the 19B0s.
Hydrographic Office 11954). Red Sea: Gezirat el Dibia to
Masamirit Islet. British Admiralty Chart No. 138. 1:750 000.
December 1954. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11984). El Akhawein to Rabigh. British
Admiralty Chart No. 63. 1:750 000. September 1984.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office (1994). El Suweis ISuez] to El Akhawein
IThe Brothers) (including the Gulf of Aqabal. British
Admiralty Chart No. 8. 1:750 000 and 1:300 000 lAqaba).
December 1994. Taunton, UK.
Map 9b
Maps have been prepared for the Saudi Arabian Red Sea from
lUCN/MEPA 11984, 19851. Further data have been taken from
Hydrographic Office 11955, 1984, 19941 and these same
sources, together with Hydrographic Office 11987, 19911 have
been used to provide details of reefs in Sudan.
Hydrographic Office 11955). Red Sea: Masamirit Islet to Zubair
Islands. British Admiralty Chart No. Ul. 1:750 000.
September 1955. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11984). El Akhawein to Rabigh. British
Admiralty Chart No. 63. 1:750 000. September 1984.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11987). Outer Approaches to Port Sudan.
British Admiralty Chart No. 82. 1:150 000. December 1987.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11991). Sawakin to Ras Qassar British
Admiralty Chart No. 81. 1:300 000. June 1991. Taunton, UK.
ISawakm inset not utilized.)
Hydrographic Office 11994), El Suweis ISuezI to El Akhawein
IThe Brothers) lincluding the Gulf of Aqabal. British
Admiralty Chart No. 8. 1:750 000 and 1:300 000 lAqabal.
December 1994. Taunton, UK.
lUCN/MEPA 11984). Report on the Distribution of Habitats and
Species in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea: Part 1. Saudi Arabia
Marine Conservation Programme, Report No. 4. lUCN,
Gland,
Switzerland/Meteorology
and
Environmental
Protection Administration, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Includes numerous tables, photos, maps.
lUCN/MEPA 11985). Distribution of Habitats and Species along
the Southern Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia
Marine Conservation Programme, Report No. 11. lUCN,
Gland,
Switzerland/Meteorology
and
Environmental
Protection Administration, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Includes numerous tables, photos, maps, annexes.
Map 9c
For Eritrea reefs are derived from Hydrographic Office 11955,
1988, 1991, 1993). For Djibouti reefs are derived from
Hydrographic Office 11985, 1991, 1992, 1993). Coral reef data
for the former Yemen Arab Republic INorth Yemeni were
obtained from lUCN 11987). Further data were derived from
Hydrographic Office 11985, 1991, 19931.
Hydrographic Office (1955). Red Sea: Masamirit Islet to Zubair
Islands
British Admiralty Chart No. 141. 1:750 000.
September 1955. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11985). Straits of Bab el Mandeb to Aden
Harbour. British Admiralty Chart No. 3661. 1:200 000.
November 1985. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11988). North and northeast approaches to
Mits'iwa. British Admiralty Chart No. 164. 1:300 000. March
1988. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11991). Jazirat al Tair to Bab el Mandeb.
British Admiralty Chart No. 143. 1:400 000. December 1991.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office (1992), Golfe de Tadjoura and Anchorages.
British Admiralty Chart No. 253. 1 :200 000. September 1 992.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11993). Gulf of Aden. British Admiralty
Chart No. 6. 1 :750 000. March 1 993. Taunton, UK.
lUCN 11987). The Distribution of Habitats and Species along the
YAR Coastline. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Map9d
Coral reefs were added to a 1:1 000 000 coastline from lUCN
[1 986, 1 988, 1 989). These maps only cover approximately half of
Coles SL 119881. Limitations on reef coral development in the
Arabian Gulf: temperature or algal competition. Proc 6th Int
Cora/ ffee^Symp 2: 211-216.
Coles SL.FadlallahYH 119911. Reef coral survival and mortality
at low temperatures m tfie Arabian Gulf: new speciesspecific lower temperature limits. Coral Reefs 9: 231-237.
Fadlallah YH, Allen KW, Estudillo RA 119941. Damage to
shallow reefs in the Gulf is caused by periodic exposure to air
during extreme low tides and low water temperatures ITarut
Bay, Eastern Saudi Arabia). In: Ginsburg RN led).
Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral
Reefs: Health, Hazards and History, 1993. Rosenstiel School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami,
Miami, USA.
McCain JC, Tarr AB, Carpenter KE. Coles SL 11984). Marine
ecology of Saudi Arabia: a survey of coral reefs and reef
fishes in the Northern Area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia.
Fauna of Saudi Arabia 6: 102-126.
MEPA, lUCN leds) 11987a). MEPA Coastal and Marine
Management Series, 6: Executive Summary - Arabian Gulf.
Saudi Arabia: An Assessment of Biotopes and Coastal Zone
Management Requirements for the Arabian Gulf.
Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
MEPA, lUCN leds) 11987b). MEPA Coastal and Marine
Management Series, 7: Red Sea and Arabian Gulf Saudi
Arabia: An Assessment of National Coastal Zone
Management Requirements. Meteorology and Environmental
Protection Administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
MEPA, lUCN leds) 11987c). MEPA Coastal and Marine
Management Series. 5: Technical Report 5 - Arabian Gulf
Saudi Arabia: An Assessment of Biotopes and Coastal Zone
Management Requirements for the Arabian Gulf.
Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Pilcher NJ, Wilson S, Alhazeem SH, Shokri MR 12000). Status
of coral reefs in the Arabian/Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea
region. In: Wilkinson CR led). Status of Coral Reefs of the
World: 2000. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape
Ferguson, Australia.
Price ARC 11990). Rapid assessment of coastal zone
management requirements: a case-study from the Arabian
Gulf. Ocean Shore Man 13: 1-19,
Price ARG, Robinson JH leds) 11993). Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 27: The 1991 Gulf War: Coastal and Marine
Environmental Consequences. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Sheppard C, Price A, Roberts C 11992). Marine Ecology of the
Arabian Region: Patterns and Processes in Extreme
Tropical Environments. Academic Press, London, UK.
Map sources
Map 9a
Reefs are taken from Hydrographic Office 11954, 1984, 1994).
Sources for these charts include some very old data, but also
surveys from the 19B0s.
Hydrographic Office 11954). Red Sea: Gezirat el Dibia to
Masamirit Islet. British Admiralty Chart No. 138. 1:750 000.
December 1954. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11984). El Akhawein to Rabigh. British
Admiralty Chart No. 63. 1:750 000. September 1984.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office (1994). El Suweis ISuez] to El Akhawein
IThe Brothers) (including the Gulf of Aqabal. British
Admiralty Chart No. 8. 1:750 000 and 1:300 000 lAqaba).
December 1994. Taunton, UK.
Map 9b
Maps have been prepared for the Saudi Arabian Red Sea from
lUCN/MEPA 11984, 19851. Further data have been taken from
Hydrographic Office 11955, 1984, 19941 and these same
sources, together with Hydrographic Office 11987, 19911 have
been used to provide details of reefs in Sudan.
Hydrographic Office 11955). Red Sea: Masamirit Islet to Zubair
Islands. British Admiralty Chart No. Ul. 1:750 000.
September 1955. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11984). El Akhawein to Rabigh. British
Admiralty Chart No. 63. 1:750 000. September 1984.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11987). Outer Approaches to Port Sudan.
British Admiralty Chart No. 82. 1:150 000. December 1987.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11991). Sawakin to Ras Qassar British
Admiralty Chart No. 81. 1:300 000. June 1991. Taunton, UK.
ISawakm inset not utilized.)
Hydrographic Office 11994), El Suweis ISuezI to El Akhawein
IThe Brothers) lincluding the Gulf of Aqabal. British
Admiralty Chart No. 8. 1:750 000 and 1:300 000 lAqabal.
December 1994. Taunton, UK.
lUCN/MEPA 11984). Report on the Distribution of Habitats and
Species in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea: Part 1. Saudi Arabia
Marine Conservation Programme, Report No. 4. lUCN,
Gland,
Switzerland/Meteorology
and
Environmental
Protection Administration, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Includes numerous tables, photos, maps.
lUCN/MEPA 11985). Distribution of Habitats and Species along
the Southern Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia
Marine Conservation Programme, Report No. 11. lUCN,
Gland,
Switzerland/Meteorology
and
Environmental
Protection Administration, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Includes numerous tables, photos, maps, annexes.
Map 9c
For Eritrea reefs are derived from Hydrographic Office 11955,
1988, 1991, 1993). For Djibouti reefs are derived from
Hydrographic Office 11985, 1991, 1992, 1993). Coral reef data
for the former Yemen Arab Republic INorth Yemeni were
obtained from lUCN 11987). Further data were derived from
Hydrographic Office 11985, 1991, 19931.
Hydrographic Office (1955). Red Sea: Masamirit Islet to Zubair
Islands
British Admiralty Chart No. 141. 1:750 000.
September 1955. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11985). Straits of Bab el Mandeb to Aden
Harbour. British Admiralty Chart No. 3661. 1:200 000.
November 1985. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11988). North and northeast approaches to
Mits'iwa. British Admiralty Chart No. 164. 1:300 000. March
1988. Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11991). Jazirat al Tair to Bab el Mandeb.
British Admiralty Chart No. 143. 1:400 000. December 1991.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office (1992), Golfe de Tadjoura and Anchorages.
British Admiralty Chart No. 253. 1 :200 000. September 1 992.
Taunton, UK.
Hydrographic Office 11993). Gulf of Aden. British Admiralty
Chart No. 6. 1 :750 000. March 1 993. Taunton, UK.
lUCN 11987). The Distribution of Habitats and Species along the
YAR Coastline. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Map9d
Coral reefs were added to a 1:1 000 000 coastline from lUCN
[1 986, 1 988, 1 989). These maps only cover approximately half of