Eastern Caribbean and Atlantic
greatest concentration of charter yachts in the world
and anchor damage is widespread, particularly in the
more popular anchorages where wide areas of benthic
communities have been destroyed. There is some eutrophication in the more enclosed bays which is at least in
part related to these vessels. Although several hundred
moorings are available these are clearly insufficient for
the numbers of boats. There are only relatively few commercial fishers (less than 200). with a total catch of some
800 tons in 1998. Despite this, the impacts of commercial
and recreational fishing remain substantial, notably on
lobster, conch, groupers and snappers.
Although a number of marine protected areas have
been declared, active management is limited. The pressures of tourist numbers in existing sites, together with the
impacts of legitimate activities within their boundaries,
including fishing, further reduce the effectiveness of
many of these sites.
Protected areas with coral reefs
Site name j
b Designation
Abbreviation
lUCN cat.
Size ikm'l
^ei
Puerto Rico
Boqueron
Wildlife Refuge
RVS
IV
2.37
1964
Cayos de la Cordillera
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
0.88
1980
Estuarina Nacional Bahia Jobos
Hunting Reserve
HR
IV
11.33
1981
Isla Caja de Muerto
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
1.88
1988
Isla de Mona
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
55.54
1986
La Parguera
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
49.73
1979
US Virgin Islands
^
Buck Island Reef
National Monument
NaM
III
3.56
1961
£sgen Cay
National Wildlife Refuge
NWR
IV
0.06
1977
Hi Bank
Marine Conservation District
MarCD
IV
41.00
1999
Virgin Islands
National Park
NP
II
53.08
1956
British Virgin Islands
Cooper Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
1.38
1959
Dead Chest Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
O.U
1959
Fallen Jerusalem Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.12
1959
Fort Point
Park
P
IV
0.15
1978
Horseshoe Reet
Protected Area
PA
na
30.00
1990
Mosquito Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.50
1959
Necker Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.30
1959
Peter Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
4.30
1959
Prickly Pear
Park
P
na
0.95
1988
Prickly Pear Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.70
1959
Round Rock Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.08
1959
Salt Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.78
1959
St. Eustatia
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.11
1959
The Baths
Natural Monument
NM
III
0.03
1990
The Seal Dogs
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.03
1959
Wreck of the Rhone
Marine Park
MP
III
3.24
1980
greatest concentration of charter yachts in the world
and anchor damage is widespread, particularly in the
more popular anchorages where wide areas of benthic
communities have been destroyed. There is some eutrophication in the more enclosed bays which is at least in
part related to these vessels. Although several hundred
moorings are available these are clearly insufficient for
the numbers of boats. There are only relatively few commercial fishers (less than 200). with a total catch of some
800 tons in 1998. Despite this, the impacts of commercial
and recreational fishing remain substantial, notably on
lobster, conch, groupers and snappers.
Although a number of marine protected areas have
been declared, active management is limited. The pressures of tourist numbers in existing sites, together with the
impacts of legitimate activities within their boundaries,
including fishing, further reduce the effectiveness of
many of these sites.
Protected areas with coral reefs
Site name j
b Designation
Abbreviation
lUCN cat.
Size ikm'l
^ei
Puerto Rico
Boqueron
Wildlife Refuge
RVS
IV
2.37
1964
Cayos de la Cordillera
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
0.88
1980
Estuarina Nacional Bahia Jobos
Hunting Reserve
HR
IV
11.33
1981
Isla Caja de Muerto
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
1.88
1988
Isla de Mona
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
55.54
1986
La Parguera
Nature Reserve
RNat
IV
49.73
1979
US Virgin Islands
^
Buck Island Reef
National Monument
NaM
III
3.56
1961
£sgen Cay
National Wildlife Refuge
NWR
IV
0.06
1977
Hi Bank
Marine Conservation District
MarCD
IV
41.00
1999
Virgin Islands
National Park
NP
II
53.08
1956
British Virgin Islands
Cooper Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
1.38
1959
Dead Chest Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
O.U
1959
Fallen Jerusalem Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.12
1959
Fort Point
Park
P
IV
0.15
1978
Horseshoe Reet
Protected Area
PA
na
30.00
1990
Mosquito Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.50
1959
Necker Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.30
1959
Peter Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
4.30
1959
Prickly Pear
Park
P
na
0.95
1988
Prickly Pear Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.70
1959
Round Rock Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.08
1959
Salt Island
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.78
1959
St. Eustatia
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.11
1959
The Baths
Natural Monument
NM
III
0.03
1990
The Seal Dogs
Bird Sanctuary
BS
IV
0.03
1959
Wreck of the Rhone
Marine Park
MP
III
3.24
1980