408
Aquaculture of Cyprinids
'—-('ni le
stocî
use
it
to
enhance
lake
and
reservoir
fisheries
has
additional
implications.
First
the
rate
of
recapture and the cost of
tingerling;,
the
costs
of
fishery
efforts
and
the
cost
of
control
of
fish
predatnrs
must
be
known .
Predator
control
is
very
important.
The
different
carnivorous
fish
species
(for
example, the
‘freshwater
shark‘ Wallago
at u
i n
the
Ganges
basin;
the
snakeheads
,
M spp.
in
Asia;
spp
in
the
Nile
and
Niger basins
and
the
piranhas,
primbe‘oas
and
Hoplias spp. of Latin America) can exterminate most
stocked
carps.
©oncnding remarhs
Current practices in the
composite sh culture of Indian
major and Chinese
carps were reviewed by Dr. V.G. Jhingran.
Dr. V.R.P.
Sinha described integrated
farming practices throughout Asia. It was apparent from both these
reviews that
high yields
can
be obtained from such
systems with low cost inputs.
The yields
range from
5—10 t/ha/yr but can be even
greater in owing water or in
aerated
systems.
However the future of paddy-sh culture is doubtful since yields are low
(commonly lOO—200kg/ha/yr) and the problems of pesticide
toxicity
remain.
The
culture potential of the tenh (Tinca tinca) was reviewed by M.
von
Lukowicz who
showed clearly that this sh could
be a useful addition to mixed cyprinid culture,
particularly
if
genetic
improvement of
cultured
strains can be
achieved
to
increase their growth rates. Dr. P. Melotti described the historical success, recent
decline and future prospects of goldsh (C arassius auratus) culture
in Italy.
The
future of the industry depends on
product quality control.
Exports must compete
for markets
with suppliers from the U.S.A. and elsewhere and therefore very high
standards
of hygiene are being applied to ensure quality
and to minimize disease
risks.
The principles
and
practices
of
lake
and
reservoir
culture
of
carps,
summarized by E. Woynarovich, showed that the cyprinids
can
occupy all available
txophic niches
and
provide
a
very
cost-effective
means
of
fish
production,
particularly those feeding
low in the foodchain.
The common
carp
and
Chinese
carps
can
be used
worldwide, whereas the
Indian
major
carpe
require
warm
waters.
Piscivorous species should be kept to a minimum in stocked waters. Small
and medium sized reservoirs hold the greatest promise for future production.
Dr. J.F.
Muir
considered few integrated carp farming could
be developed in
Western Europe.
There
are
many
theoretical
possibilities
(integration
with
agricultural and industrial
activities)
which have advantages, particularly in
the
shared
use
of
resources, waste
management
and coat—effective production,
but
there
are
also many
problems
to
be
solved eg.
matching
production
cycleS,
management needs, public health aspects and installation costs. The relative costs
and nutritive values °f pond inputs govern the economics of integration to a large
extent.
Several points were discussed during the round table.
The concept of
integrated aquaculture is very broad. It varies according to
Ëhe country
the
local
situation
(Wieniawski).
The
importance
of
small
integrated units fors1ngle
families was also stressed (Schroeder). Aquaculture may
be combmed
With diverse water usage: irrigation, ood control, recreation, energy
h<)ätc.dbut
the
required
technologies
are
often
complex
(Hepher,
of Îlate°rviîcl Ê“
many Pf0blems of management
remain. When conicts in the use
U
ing aquaculture anse, who 18 going to decide? to plan?
etc.
Aquaculture of Cyprinids
'—-('ni le
stocî
use
it
to
enhance
lake
and
reservoir
fisheries
has
additional
implications.
First
the
rate
of
recapture and the cost of
tingerling;,
the
costs
of
fishery
efforts
and
the
cost
of
control
of
fish
predatnrs
must
be
known .
Predator
control
is
very
important.
The
different
carnivorous
fish
species
(for
example, the
‘freshwater
shark‘ Wallago
at u
i n
the
Ganges
basin;
the
snakeheads
,
M spp.
in
Asia;
spp
in
the
Nile
and
Niger basins
and
the
piranhas,
primbe‘oas
and
Hoplias spp. of Latin America) can exterminate most
stocked
carps.
©oncnding remarhs
Current practices in the
composite sh culture of Indian
major and Chinese
carps were reviewed by Dr. V.G. Jhingran.
Dr. V.R.P.
Sinha described integrated
farming practices throughout Asia. It was apparent from both these
reviews that
high yields
can
be obtained from such
systems with low cost inputs.
The yields
range from
5—10 t/ha/yr but can be even
greater in owing water or in
aerated
systems.
However the future of paddy-sh culture is doubtful since yields are low
(commonly lOO—200kg/ha/yr) and the problems of pesticide
toxicity
remain.
The
culture potential of the tenh (Tinca tinca) was reviewed by M.
von
Lukowicz who
showed clearly that this sh could
be a useful addition to mixed cyprinid culture,
particularly
if
genetic
improvement of
cultured
strains can be
achieved
to
increase their growth rates. Dr. P. Melotti described the historical success, recent
decline and future prospects of goldsh (C arassius auratus) culture
in Italy.
The
future of the industry depends on
product quality control.
Exports must compete
for markets
with suppliers from the U.S.A. and elsewhere and therefore very high
standards
of hygiene are being applied to ensure quality
and to minimize disease
risks.
The principles
and
practices
of
lake
and
reservoir
culture
of
carps,
summarized by E. Woynarovich, showed that the cyprinids
can
occupy all available
txophic niches
and
provide
a
very
cost-effective
means
of
fish
production,
particularly those feeding
low in the foodchain.
The common
carp
and
Chinese
carps
can
be used
worldwide, whereas the
Indian
major
carpe
require
warm
waters.
Piscivorous species should be kept to a minimum in stocked waters. Small
and medium sized reservoirs hold the greatest promise for future production.
Dr. J.F.
Muir
considered few integrated carp farming could
be developed in
Western Europe.
There
are
many
theoretical
possibilities
(integration
with
agricultural and industrial
activities)
which have advantages, particularly in
the
shared
use
of
resources, waste
management
and coat—effective production,
but
there
are
also many
problems
to
be
solved eg.
matching
production
cycleS,
management needs, public health aspects and installation costs. The relative costs
and nutritive values °f pond inputs govern the economics of integration to a large
extent.
Several points were discussed during the round table.
The concept of
integrated aquaculture is very broad. It varies according to
Ëhe country
the
local
situation
(Wieniawski).
The
importance
of
small
integrated units fors1ngle
families was also stressed (Schroeder). Aquaculture may
be combmed
With diverse water usage: irrigation, ood control, recreation, energy
h<)ätc.dbut
the
required
technologies
are
often
complex
(Hepher,
of Îlate°rviîcl Ê“
many Pf0blems of management
remain. When conicts in the use
U
ing aquaculture anse, who 18 going to decide? to plan?
etc.