R. Billard et J. Marcel, Ed. Aquaculture of Cyprin/ds, INRA, Paris, 1986.
Poster summanee
A SMALL
INSIGHT
INTO THE HISTORY OF BOHEMIAN CARP—POND MANAGEMENT.
R. BERKÀ,
389 25
V0dnany, CZECHOSLOUÀKÏA.
In central
Europe the history of pond fish culture began at the end of the
11th and beginning of the 12 th centuries. Bohemian fish—pond management
is a classical example of the development of fish culture in this area.
After its early beginnings, pond management reached the peak of its develop—
ment
in the
14th
century. At that time, Bohemia had 75 thousant hectares of
ponds. At the end of the
15th century methods of pond fish culture were
already well—elaborated and advanced, Already at that time ponds were divi—
ded into three types
:
a) ponds for carp spawning and for rearing the year—
lings; b) ponds for rearing two—year—old stock fish; c) ponds for rearing
marketable fish.
The breeding cycle of carps from spawning to marketing was
4 to 6 years.
One
hectare of a production pond was usually stocked with
300
two—year—old carp. All these achievements were described by Bishop Jan
Dubravius in his famous book "On Fonds”, first published in the first—half
of
the
16th century and later translated into a number of languages. The 16th
century was the golden era of Bohemian pond fish culture. Hundreds of new
ponds and pond systems were built, and Bohemia at that time had about 180
thousand hectares of ponds. Further efforts in pond construction slowed down
and had completely stopped by the 17th century. It was only in the second—
half of the
19th century that this situation began to improve. This was due
to
the ability of fish culture to compete with other fields of agricultural
enterprise and, in particular, it was generally recognized that fish culture
is an integral part of animal production, and, as such, is an integral
part of agriculture as a whole.
POLYCULTURE OF MILKFISH, TILAPIA AND CARPS IN PENS AND CACES IN LAGUNA DE
BAY, PHILIPPINES. S. C. CASTRO, SEAFDEC, Man/(£a, PHILIPPINES.
Two
experiments on the polyculture of milkfish, tilapia and
ln
pens
and cages were
simultaneously conducted in Laguna de Bey,
Philippines.
1) Polyculture of milkfish, carps and tilapia in pens ln Laguna de Bay.
The feasibility of increasing fish production using P01YCU1ËUÏQ ln pens was
demonstrated. All fish species in polyculture reached marketable Size after
four to five months of culture. The average total net
of
25'5
tons
per hectare
(1278.9 Kg/500 m2 pen) was obtained
at
a
.
_
66,000 fish per hectare and at a ratio of 5 Silver
:
] ËÆÈËBÆÊ_EÆ7ËÈÆÊÊ'
0.1 bighead carp : 0.5 common carp— T0tal net
ia'
(558.16 Kg/500 m2 pen) was obtained at a ratio
of 4.5
milkf1s
.
O.] bighead carp : 0.5 common carp. Production of Silver carp
as
prima y
'
-
_
'
hi her than milkf15h at the same
Spec1es
in
polyculture was 2
2-5
tlmes
&
.
did not
stocking ratio. Addition of bighead carp, tilapia
and comm03
ro—
interfere with the growth of the primary SP9C1eS bUÈ
incr
f 66 800
duction b
9 _
]]
er
cent
(] — 2 tons/ha). The stock1ng density
@
,
Y
P
,
.
iod as
final
fish per hectare was far from Optimum during th? culturelpeflture did not
mean weights and daily growth rates of all
in
Po
per cent)
very significantly. Recovery was highest ln b1ghead
er
cent)
tilapia
followed by milkfish (86—93 per cent), Silver carp (
P
’
(9—68 per cent), and common carp (5—20 per cent).
Poster summanee
A SMALL
INSIGHT
INTO THE HISTORY OF BOHEMIAN CARP—POND MANAGEMENT.
R. BERKÀ,
389 25
V0dnany, CZECHOSLOUÀKÏA.
In central
Europe the history of pond fish culture began at the end of the
11th and beginning of the 12 th centuries. Bohemian fish—pond management
is a classical example of the development of fish culture in this area.
After its early beginnings, pond management reached the peak of its develop—
ment
in the
14th
century. At that time, Bohemia had 75 thousant hectares of
ponds. At the end of the
15th century methods of pond fish culture were
already well—elaborated and advanced, Already at that time ponds were divi—
ded into three types
:
a) ponds for carp spawning and for rearing the year—
lings; b) ponds for rearing two—year—old stock fish; c) ponds for rearing
marketable fish.
The breeding cycle of carps from spawning to marketing was
4 to 6 years.
One
hectare of a production pond was usually stocked with
300
two—year—old carp. All these achievements were described by Bishop Jan
Dubravius in his famous book "On Fonds”, first published in the first—half
of
the
16th century and later translated into a number of languages. The 16th
century was the golden era of Bohemian pond fish culture. Hundreds of new
ponds and pond systems were built, and Bohemia at that time had about 180
thousand hectares of ponds. Further efforts in pond construction slowed down
and had completely stopped by the 17th century. It was only in the second—
half of the
19th century that this situation began to improve. This was due
to
the ability of fish culture to compete with other fields of agricultural
enterprise and, in particular, it was generally recognized that fish culture
is an integral part of animal production, and, as such, is an integral
part of agriculture as a whole.
POLYCULTURE OF MILKFISH, TILAPIA AND CARPS IN PENS AND CACES IN LAGUNA DE
BAY, PHILIPPINES. S. C. CASTRO, SEAFDEC, Man/(£a, PHILIPPINES.
Two
experiments on the polyculture of milkfish, tilapia and
ln
pens
and cages were
simultaneously conducted in Laguna de Bey,
Philippines.
1) Polyculture of milkfish, carps and tilapia in pens ln Laguna de Bay.
The feasibility of increasing fish production using P01YCU1ËUÏQ ln pens was
demonstrated. All fish species in polyculture reached marketable Size after
four to five months of culture. The average total net
of
25'5
tons
per hectare
(1278.9 Kg/500 m2 pen) was obtained
at
a
.
_
66,000 fish per hectare and at a ratio of 5 Silver
:
] ËÆÈËBÆÊ_EÆ7ËÈÆÊÊ'
0.1 bighead carp : 0.5 common carp— T0tal net
ia'
(558.16 Kg/500 m2 pen) was obtained at a ratio
of 4.5
milkf1s
.
O.] bighead carp : 0.5 common carp. Production of Silver carp
as
prima y
'
-
_
'
hi her than milkf15h at the same
Spec1es
in
polyculture was 2
2-5
tlmes
&
.
did not
stocking ratio. Addition of bighead carp, tilapia
and comm03
ro—
interfere with the growth of the primary SP9C1eS bUÈ
incr
f 66 800
duction b
9 _
]]
er
cent
(] — 2 tons/ha). The stock1ng density
@
,
Y
P
,
.
iod as
final
fish per hectare was far from Optimum during th? culturelpeflture did not
mean weights and daily growth rates of all
in
Po
per cent)
very significantly. Recovery was highest ln b1ghead
er
cent)
tilapia
followed by milkfish (86—93 per cent), Silver carp (
P
’
(9—68 per cent), and common carp (5—20 per cent).