Poster summaries
31 9
favouring the common carp by promoting the mass production of Mbina. The
actual feeding strategy of carp is determined quantitatively by the tempe—
rature
change and by the growth rate of the mass of fish. The
distribution of the feed (2.4 fold of expected carp yield) is the best : 5%
in May,
10% in June, 20% in July, 40% in August and 25% in September. Wheat
is given from May to July, wheat and pelleted feed at a ratio of 60:40 in
August and of 30:70 in September (20 MJ/Kg, with protein content of 30%).
Zooplankton covers the specific protein requirement of carp at cold
water
temperatures in spring. In August, when zooplankton is scarce, pelleted feed
compensates for protein shortage. During water cooling in autumn the propor—
tion of the pelleted feed has to be increased. The change in monthly feed—
conversion rate was
:
May 1.0, June 1.5, July 2.3, August 2.9, and September
3.3 Kg/Kg. Chemical fertilizers should be applied to the pond from.the mid—
dle of May till the end of July. During this 10—week time approximately
160 Kg of N and 40 Kg of P can be given in equal portions. Fertilizing twice
a
week, one portion 8 Kg of N and 2 Kg of P in the ofrm of ammonium nitrate
and in Monoammonium phosphate. No fertilization is necessary from.August on,
since the zooplankton is not limited by the feed (algal plankton are dominant
at
this
time) but by the increasing intake of fish. To sum up : considering
spring stocking, autumn harvest and good yield, the following sequence should
be applied : stocking; fertilization + wheast; wheast + pelleted feed; pel—
leted feed + wheat; harvest. The shift from one "stage" to the other can be
related to
periods of time or to the actual weight of the fish population
(mass) in the pond. The latter is more general since a certain technological
"stage" is not determined by a given time but by the corresponding mass of
fish. Finalyy, considering the technology suggested here, it seems to be the
recaptured ”minor" form of a whole pond fish culture procedure concentrated
into one growing season.
INTEGRATED FISH—PIG FARMING IN INDIA AND HUNGARY. B.K
.
SHARMA, and J
.
OLAH,
Ccm‘jræê 1Mand FÆAhWQ/3 RQA each INALÙCuÆQ, KVT/TTC, Kawa£gagang, Bhubane—
AW&Æ PIN 753002, INDIA.
Management parameters of integrated fish—cum—pig farming conducted in India
and Hungary are compared as to physico—chemical environment, nutrient status,
natural fish food resources,
and rates
of primary and fish production. Fish
production rates of 18.4 Kg/ha/day and 18.0 Kg/ha/day were obtained in India
and Hungary, respectively by recycling the pig manure in polyculture. No fish
feed or
inorganic fertilizers were used. The organic carbon load of 1—2 g/m2/
day in India and of 2 g/m2/day in Hungary resulted in enhanced primary pro—
duction ranging from 6.5 to 14.1 in India and from 5.36 to 6.49 g/C/m2/d in
Hungary. This autochtonously produced photosynthetic organic carbon together
with allochtonous organic carbon was converted to fish production via both
the algal and detrital food chains in the populations of zooplankton and
zoobenthos. Zooplankton maxima (20 and 10 GOO/l) and zoobenthos maxima (49
and 25 OOO/m2) appeared as fish food besides the direct utilization of
algal—bacterial aggregates by filter—feeder fish species. The fish product—
ion efficiency, that is the transfer rate, in terms of percent, of primary
production converted daily into fish, ranged between 1.41—2.76 in India and
2.61—3.27 in Hungary. Besides
providing protein rich food at low cost, the
system proved to be an efficient method of waster disposal and
.
It
is interesting to note that the results obtained in the experiments conduc—
ted independently in the two countries are highly comparable.
31 9
favouring the common carp by promoting the mass production of Mbina. The
actual feeding strategy of carp is determined quantitatively by the tempe—
rature
change and by the growth rate of the mass of fish. The
distribution of the feed (2.4 fold of expected carp yield) is the best : 5%
in May,
10% in June, 20% in July, 40% in August and 25% in September. Wheat
is given from May to July, wheat and pelleted feed at a ratio of 60:40 in
August and of 30:70 in September (20 MJ/Kg, with protein content of 30%).
Zooplankton covers the specific protein requirement of carp at cold
water
temperatures in spring. In August, when zooplankton is scarce, pelleted feed
compensates for protein shortage. During water cooling in autumn the propor—
tion of the pelleted feed has to be increased. The change in monthly feed—
conversion rate was
:
May 1.0, June 1.5, July 2.3, August 2.9, and September
3.3 Kg/Kg. Chemical fertilizers should be applied to the pond from.the mid—
dle of May till the end of July. During this 10—week time approximately
160 Kg of N and 40 Kg of P can be given in equal portions. Fertilizing twice
a
week, one portion 8 Kg of N and 2 Kg of P in the ofrm of ammonium nitrate
and in Monoammonium phosphate. No fertilization is necessary from.August on,
since the zooplankton is not limited by the feed (algal plankton are dominant
at
this
time) but by the increasing intake of fish. To sum up : considering
spring stocking, autumn harvest and good yield, the following sequence should
be applied : stocking; fertilization + wheast; wheast + pelleted feed; pel—
leted feed + wheat; harvest. The shift from one "stage" to the other can be
related to
periods of time or to the actual weight of the fish population
(mass) in the pond. The latter is more general since a certain technological
"stage" is not determined by a given time but by the corresponding mass of
fish. Finalyy, considering the technology suggested here, it seems to be the
recaptured ”minor" form of a whole pond fish culture procedure concentrated
into one growing season.
INTEGRATED FISH—PIG FARMING IN INDIA AND HUNGARY. B.K
.
SHARMA, and J
.
OLAH,
Ccm‘jræê 1Mand FÆAhWQ/3 RQA each INALÙCuÆQ, KVT/TTC, Kawa£gagang, Bhubane—
AW&Æ PIN 753002, INDIA.
Management parameters of integrated fish—cum—pig farming conducted in India
and Hungary are compared as to physico—chemical environment, nutrient status,
natural fish food resources,
and rates
of primary and fish production. Fish
production rates of 18.4 Kg/ha/day and 18.0 Kg/ha/day were obtained in India
and Hungary, respectively by recycling the pig manure in polyculture. No fish
feed or
inorganic fertilizers were used. The organic carbon load of 1—2 g/m2/
day in India and of 2 g/m2/day in Hungary resulted in enhanced primary pro—
duction ranging from 6.5 to 14.1 in India and from 5.36 to 6.49 g/C/m2/d in
Hungary. This autochtonously produced photosynthetic organic carbon together
with allochtonous organic carbon was converted to fish production via both
the algal and detrital food chains in the populations of zooplankton and
zoobenthos. Zooplankton maxima (20 and 10 GOO/l) and zoobenthos maxima (49
and 25 OOO/m2) appeared as fish food besides the direct utilization of
algal—bacterial aggregates by filter—feeder fish species. The fish product—
ion efficiency, that is the transfer rate, in terms of percent, of primary
production converted daily into fish, ranged between 1.41—2.76 in India and
2.61—3.27 in Hungary. Besides
providing protein rich food at low cost, the
system proved to be an efficient method of waster disposal and
.
It
is interesting to note that the results obtained in the experiments conduc—
ted independently in the two countries are highly comparable.