270
K. Ûpuszyñ3ki
lN ’l‘R (“T: D UC ’l‘l ON
Common
carp
(Cyprinus carpio L.) is an important fish species
in
pond culture because of its biological properties: resistance to
environmental conditions9 a wide variety of aquatic organisms Consu—
med, fast growth rate and high quality flesh., This species is
the
principal object of warm»water pond culture in Europe and in
many
countries
outside
Europe under moderate and tropical
in
spite of feeding on various aquatic orgar‘dsms5
cormnon
carp
does not fully utilize ali food resources available in a
water
body., This is the main reason that this species has been raised in
polyculture with other fish species or water animals. The present
paper
tries
to
show
contemporary ”state of the art“ of carp polyculture
and
its
perspectives…
I
-
FISH
SPECIES
V‘JHÏCH
ARE
USED
XN
POLYCULTUÊQE
The
accompanyîng fish in carp culture are listed in Table L
They have been divided into three groups depending on their feeding
behaviour; however, it is difficult to make general divisions considering
the
variability in fish diets° The greatest difficulties arise concerning
the
herbivorous
group.,
Even
such
a
typical herbivorous fish as the
grass
carp,
in
my
opinion, sometimes is called an omnivorous
fish
(Fisher and
1973)° Tilapia species are the most difficult
to
classify because many of them feed on a great variety of
food
(Spatar… 1976). The ’l‘ilapia
mentioned in this
paper have
been
placed in the herbivorous group based on the statement of
Bardach
et
al.
(1972) that despite different food habits all Ti1apia are more or
less
herbivorousc
l—lerbivorous
fish, because they have a low position in the food
chain, are the most important component of polyculture as the total
production in a pond of these fish is second only to carp. The herbw
ivorous group
of
fish
consists
of
the
greatest number of
the
most
important being listed in Table L These species are most widely
cultured
together with the carp in different parts of the world., Invert—
ebrate
eaters
rank
second
followed by piscivorous fish, Piscivorous
fish
which feed
on
fish flesh
are
not
an
economic
object of mass—sea»
le
production in carp ponds… These fish are used to control undesira—
ble
fish
which enter carp
ponds by chance or their fry are raised
together with second and third year carp and are used as stocking
material for
repopulating natural and artificial takes and running waters
Other
than
fish
organismeg prawns or ducks, can also be raised in
carp
ponds to increase the total income.
The
benifitial effect of the
accompanying fish on the total output
Of
polyculture 15 “011 easy tO prove… The majority of available data
state
that
the
additional stock
of
a
species,
added
to
corp
stock
.i£LPJ gives the t0tal yield
where
the
yield of li is considered
88
&
benifitial effect Of polycultura This might not be true even when
a{ cgntrolÇgroup
of
carp
in
monoculture
is
used
(Cm) and the
yield
0
__E_î_LŒ_
K. Ûpuszyñ3ki
lN ’l‘R (“T: D UC ’l‘l ON
Common
carp
(Cyprinus carpio L.) is an important fish species
in
pond culture because of its biological properties: resistance to
environmental conditions9 a wide variety of aquatic organisms Consu—
med, fast growth rate and high quality flesh., This species is
the
principal object of warm»water pond culture in Europe and in
many
countries
outside
Europe under moderate and tropical
in
spite of feeding on various aquatic orgar‘dsms5
cormnon
carp
does not fully utilize ali food resources available in a
water
body., This is the main reason that this species has been raised in
polyculture with other fish species or water animals. The present
paper
tries
to
show
contemporary ”state of the art“ of carp polyculture
and
its
perspectives…
I
-
FISH
SPECIES
V‘JHÏCH
ARE
USED
XN
POLYCULTUÊQE
The
accompanyîng fish in carp culture are listed in Table L
They have been divided into three groups depending on their feeding
behaviour; however, it is difficult to make general divisions considering
the
variability in fish diets° The greatest difficulties arise concerning
the
herbivorous
group.,
Even
such
a
typical herbivorous fish as the
grass
carp,
in
my
opinion, sometimes is called an omnivorous
fish
(Fisher and
1973)° Tilapia species are the most difficult
to
classify because many of them feed on a great variety of
food
(Spatar… 1976). The ’l‘ilapia
mentioned in this
paper have
been
placed in the herbivorous group based on the statement of
Bardach
et
al.
(1972) that despite different food habits all Ti1apia are more or
less
herbivorousc
l—lerbivorous
fish, because they have a low position in the food
chain, are the most important component of polyculture as the total
production in a pond of these fish is second only to carp. The herbw
ivorous group
of
fish
consists
of
the
greatest number of
the
most
important being listed in Table L These species are most widely
cultured
together with the carp in different parts of the world., Invert—
ebrate
eaters
rank
second
followed by piscivorous fish, Piscivorous
fish
which feed
on
fish flesh
are
not
an
economic
object of mass—sea»
le
production in carp ponds… These fish are used to control undesira—
ble
fish
which enter carp
ponds by chance or their fry are raised
together with second and third year carp and are used as stocking
material for
repopulating natural and artificial takes and running waters
Other
than
fish
organismeg prawns or ducks, can also be raised in
carp
ponds to increase the total income.
The
benifitial effect of the
accompanying fish on the total output
Of
polyculture 15 “011 easy tO prove… The majority of available data
state
that
the
additional stock
of
a
species,
added
to
corp
stock
.i£LPJ gives the t0tal yield
where
the
yield of li is considered
88
&
benifitial effect Of polycultura This might not be true even when
a{ cgntrolÇgroup
of
carp
in
monoculture
is
used
(Cm) and the
yield
0
__E_î_LŒ_