Selective breeding of îhe common cam
201
Z}
Manure
utilization
The
rational
utilization
of
manures
in
aquaculture requires
specifically
adapted
genotypes=
In
common
carp,
this
was
attained by combining the characteristics of the
Chinese
carp,
domesticated
under
conditions of manuring, but of slow growth,
with
those
of
the
faster
growing
European
The
relative
growth
of
Chinese
and
European carp and their crossbreds have
been
shown
to
be
a
function
of
environmental
conditions
(Moav et
ël,,
1975; Nohlfarth et al,, 1983), With manure as the principle
nutrient
input European carp show the fastest
relative
growth,
under
conditions
permitting
a
fast
growth rate, while that of
Chinese
carp tends
to
be
the
best
in
conditions of
slow
growth…
The Chinese
x
European crossbred is heterotic in a wide range of
intermedeate
conditions,
With
supplemental
food
on
the
other
hand, the European carp showed the fastest growth in most of the
environmental
range
(Wohlfarth
et
al=,
in
preparation).
Increased
yields by substituting Chinese 3 European for Chinese
carp
have
also
been
domonstrated
in
the
Far
East
(Sin,
1982).
F — Reducing the number of intermuscular boues
The
large number of intermuscular bones in cyprinids
(e.g=
common
carp,
silver
carp,
bighead carp, grass carp) results in
a
consumer
resistance
to
these
fish,
The
possibilities
of
reducing the number of intermuscular bones by selective breeding
was
investigated in a number
of
studies,
A
range
of
70—135
intermuscular
bones
was
demonstrated by v,
Sengbusch
(1967), v…
Sengbusch and Meske
(1367)
and
Meske
(1968)°
This
phenotypic
variation
probably
included
a
genetic
component,
since
a
considerable
variation
(BG—97)
was
found
in
the
mean
number
of
intermuscular
boues
between
progenies of different single pair
spawns
(Kossmann,
1972).
These
investigations were
carried
out
on
a
population with a presumably marrow genetic base, since all
the
fish
involved
were
of
the
same
(North German)
A further study was carried out on
a
population
with
a
much
wider
genetic
base,
involving
carp
of
Chinese,
European and
Israeli
origine
(Moav et
Surprisingly the phenotypic
variation
in
intermuscular
boues,
both
within
and
between
families,
was
much
lower
than
in
the
previous
study.
No
satisfactory
erplanation
is
available
for
the
contradictory
results
generated
from
these
two
studies,
and
no
breeding
PÏDgram,
aimed
at
reducing the number of intermuscular bones has
been initiatedu
G— Ornamental
carp
Carp serve not only for food, but also as ornemental
fish,
Fêln<3Y
Carp,
consisting
of
red,
orange,
yellow, blue, grey and
white fish, as well as multicolored ind1v1duals
were
apparently
first
isolated
in
Nigita Province, Japan,
in
the
l9th century
(Amano, 1968; Axelrod, 1973). Some of these
colorations,
blue,
grey
and
gold,
are
determined by Mende11an recess1ve
alleles,
Each
at
a
different
They are of no commerc1al value,
but
could
be
used
as
genetic markers in breeding tests
1973)- The heredity of more comPlEX patterns,
two
°Ï
more
GQlQrs
is
not
Commercially valuable 1nd1v1duals are
201
Z}
Manure
utilization
The
rational
utilization
of
manures
in
aquaculture requires
specifically
adapted
genotypes=
In
common
carp,
this
was
attained by combining the characteristics of the
Chinese
carp,
domesticated
under
conditions of manuring, but of slow growth,
with
those
of
the
faster
growing
European
The
relative
growth
of
Chinese
and
European carp and their crossbreds have
been
shown
to
be
a
function
of
environmental
conditions
(Moav et
ël,,
1975; Nohlfarth et al,, 1983), With manure as the principle
nutrient
input European carp show the fastest
relative
growth,
under
conditions
permitting
a
fast
growth rate, while that of
Chinese
carp tends
to
be
the
best
in
conditions of
slow
growth…
The Chinese
x
European crossbred is heterotic in a wide range of
intermedeate
conditions,
With
supplemental
food
on
the
other
hand, the European carp showed the fastest growth in most of the
environmental
range
(Wohlfarth
et
al=,
in
preparation).
Increased
yields by substituting Chinese 3 European for Chinese
carp
have
also
been
domonstrated
in
the
Far
East
(Sin,
1982).
F — Reducing the number of intermuscular boues
The
large number of intermuscular bones in cyprinids
(e.g=
common
carp,
silver
carp,
bighead carp, grass carp) results in
a
consumer
resistance
to
these
fish,
The
possibilities
of
reducing the number of intermuscular bones by selective breeding
was
investigated in a number
of
studies,
A
range
of
70—135
intermuscular
bones
was
demonstrated by v,
Sengbusch
(1967), v…
Sengbusch and Meske
(1367)
and
Meske
(1968)°
This
phenotypic
variation
probably
included
a
genetic
component,
since
a
considerable
variation
(BG—97)
was
found
in
the
mean
number
of
intermuscular
boues
between
progenies of different single pair
spawns
(Kossmann,
1972).
These
investigations were
carried
out
on
a
population with a presumably marrow genetic base, since all
the
fish
involved
were
of
the
same
(North German)
A further study was carried out on
a
population
with
a
much
wider
genetic
base,
involving
carp
of
Chinese,
European and
Israeli
origine
(Moav et
Surprisingly the phenotypic
variation
in
intermuscular
boues,
both
within
and
between
families,
was
much
lower
than
in
the
previous
study.
No
satisfactory
erplanation
is
available
for
the
contradictory
results
generated
from
these
two
studies,
and
no
breeding
PÏDgram,
aimed
at
reducing the number of intermuscular bones has
been initiatedu
G— Ornamental
carp
Carp serve not only for food, but also as ornemental
fish,
Fêln<3Y
Carp,
consisting
of
red,
orange,
yellow, blue, grey and
white fish, as well as multicolored ind1v1duals
were
apparently
first
isolated
in
Nigita Province, Japan,
in
the
l9th century
(Amano, 1968; Axelrod, 1973). Some of these
colorations,
blue,
grey
and
gold,
are
determined by Mende11an recess1ve
alleles,
Each
at
a
different
They are of no commerc1al value,
but
could
be
used
as
genetic markers in breeding tests
1973)- The heredity of more comPlEX patterns,
two
°Ï
more
GQlQrs
is
not
Commercially valuable 1nd1v1duals are