Selective breeding of the common cam
199
B
—
Cross
breeding
înbreeding
has been
shown
to
have
a
negative effect on the
growth of common carp (Moav and Nohlfarth, 1968;
Wohlfarth
and
1971;
Merle,
1972).
A
single generation of sister— brother
mating may reduce
its
growth
rate
by
10
to
20
per
cent.
Crossbreeding
between
different genetic groups of the European
carp
resulted
in
heterosis of growth rate
(Moav
and
Hohlfarth,
1968;
Lobchenko;
1972;
Moav
et
al,,1975;
Bakos,
1979;
Smisek,
Heterosis
has
also been
demonstrated
in
crosses
between
Chinese
and
European carp (Moav et
1975;
Tapiador et al.,
1977;
Nohlfarth
1983)
and
Japanese
and
European
oarp
1979;
Suzuki
and
Yamaguchi,
1380b;
Shimma
et
al.,
Crossbreds have been shown to be more
resistant
to
two
diseases
than
their
parental
lines
(Hines
et
al.,
1974).
Heterosis
is
utilized
in
Israel
(Nohlfarth
et
and
Hungary
(Bakosr
1979)
by stocking crossbred carp into commerical
fish
C
—
Chromosome manipulation
Gynogenesis has been induced
in
a
number
of
fishes
by
inseminating
eggs
with
irradiated
sperm
and
restoring
the
diploid
number
of
chromosomes
through
thermal
or
pressure
Polyploidy
is
induced
by similar shocking techniques
using normally fertilized eggs (Thorgaard,
In
common
oarp
most
of
these
investigations were carried out in Hungary
(Nagy
et
1978;
Gervais et
al.,
1980),
Gynogenesis is a method for
the rapid production of inbred lines.
Its
genetic results are an
increase
in
genetic
variation
between
individuals
in
a
population:
This
may
enable
improving
the
performance
of
crossbreds
between
a
given pair of parental stocks by reciprocal
recurrent
Sophisticated breeding schemes of this type
have
not
been
attempted with
common
carp.
Crossbreds
between
gynogenetically
produced
parents
are
claimed to
show
a
higher
degree of heterosis than crossbreds between the same lines,
but
from
'normally’
produced
parents,
and
this
is
applied
commercially in Hungary
(Bakos,
1982).
The major aim of
induoing polyploidy is the
production
of
sterile
Their
potential application in aquaculture is
the prevention of uncontrolled reproduction,
i.e.
it
may
enable
controlling
populations in production ponds.
Sterility may also
result
in an
improvement in meat quality and behavioral traits,
Triploids
may
be
produced by direct induction (through 'early‘
shock
treatments
of
the
fertilized
eggs)
or
by
inducing
tetraploidy
(through
‘late'
shocking)
and
then
crossing with
normal
diploids (Chourrout,
1984).
D —
Electrophoretic markers
The
potentialities of electrophoretio markers for different
aspects
Qf
fish
breeding
have
been
discussed by K1rp1chn1kov
(1973,
1381):
Utter
et
al.,
(1974),
Allendorf
and
Utter,
(1979)
and
Breeding
aspects in which electrophoretic
markers
may
make
a
special
contribution
include
brood
identification,
more
efficient
experimental
_
d951gâr
Construction
of
complex familial structures for genetic analy515
199
B
—
Cross
breeding
înbreeding
has been
shown
to
have
a
negative effect on the
growth of common carp (Moav and Nohlfarth, 1968;
Wohlfarth
and
1971;
Merle,
1972).
A
single generation of sister— brother
mating may reduce
its
growth
rate
by
10
to
20
per
cent.
Crossbreeding
between
different genetic groups of the European
carp
resulted
in
heterosis of growth rate
(Moav
and
Hohlfarth,
1968;
Lobchenko;
1972;
Moav
et
al,,1975;
Bakos,
1979;
Smisek,
Heterosis
has
also been
demonstrated
in
crosses
between
Chinese
and
European carp (Moav et
1975;
Tapiador et al.,
1977;
Nohlfarth
1983)
and
Japanese
and
European
oarp
1979;
Suzuki
and
Yamaguchi,
1380b;
Shimma
et
al.,
Crossbreds have been shown to be more
resistant
to
two
diseases
than
their
parental
lines
(Hines
et
al.,
1974).
Heterosis
is
utilized
in
Israel
(Nohlfarth
et
and
Hungary
(Bakosr
1979)
by stocking crossbred carp into commerical
fish
C
—
Chromosome manipulation
Gynogenesis has been induced
in
a
number
of
fishes
by
inseminating
eggs
with
irradiated
sperm
and
restoring
the
diploid
number
of
chromosomes
through
thermal
or
pressure
Polyploidy
is
induced
by similar shocking techniques
using normally fertilized eggs (Thorgaard,
In
common
oarp
most
of
these
investigations were carried out in Hungary
(Nagy
et
1978;
Gervais et
al.,
1980),
Gynogenesis is a method for
the rapid production of inbred lines.
Its
genetic results are an
increase
in
genetic
variation
between
individuals
in
a
population:
This
may
enable
improving
the
performance
of
crossbreds
between
a
given pair of parental stocks by reciprocal
recurrent
Sophisticated breeding schemes of this type
have
not
been
attempted with
common
carp.
Crossbreds
between
gynogenetically
produced
parents
are
claimed to
show
a
higher
degree of heterosis than crossbreds between the same lines,
but
from
'normally’
produced
parents,
and
this
is
applied
commercially in Hungary
(Bakos,
1982).
The major aim of
induoing polyploidy is the
production
of
sterile
Their
potential application in aquaculture is
the prevention of uncontrolled reproduction,
i.e.
it
may
enable
controlling
populations in production ponds.
Sterility may also
result
in an
improvement in meat quality and behavioral traits,
Triploids
may
be
produced by direct induction (through 'early‘
shock
treatments
of
the
fertilized
eggs)
or
by
inducing
tetraploidy
(through
‘late'
shocking)
and
then
crossing with
normal
diploids (Chourrout,
1984).
D —
Electrophoretic markers
The
potentialities of electrophoretio markers for different
aspects
Qf
fish
breeding
have
been
discussed by K1rp1chn1kov
(1973,
1381):
Utter
et
al.,
(1974),
Allendorf
and
Utter,
(1979)
and
Breeding
aspects in which electrophoretic
markers
may
make
a
special
contribution
include
brood
identification,
more
efficient
experimental
_
d951gâr
Construction
of
complex familial structures for genetic analy515