Numerical dispersion, 80-82, 124
Numerical enlargement factor, 150
o
Objective functions, 3
Observation errors, 224
Optimal controlleast squares method,
186
Optimal decision, 3
Optimization problem, 3, 203
Ordinary differential equations (ODE),
99, 143
Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate
systems, hydrodynamic
dispersion equations in, 39-41
Overshoot, 82, 124
P
Parameter identification
of advection-dispersion equations,
201-204
of groundwater flow equations, 201
Partial differential equations (PDE), 5
stochastic (SPDE), 239
Pedet number, 34, 146
local, 123, 155, 160
Permeability, 19
coefficient of, 18-19
Perturbation method, 240
Perturbations, 236
stochastic equation relating, 238
Petrov-Galerkin FEM, 158
Phase angle lag, 152
Plane source problem, 53
Point iteration methods, 144-146
Point source, fundamental solution of,
50-52
Polar coordinates, 41
Pollutant sources, identification of, 219
Polluted aquifers, remediation of,
288-289
Porosity, 15
Porous media
advection-dispersion equations in,
30-32
dispersivity of, 37
hydrodynamic dispersion in, 9-48
Index
375
mass transport in, 23-24
related parameters in modeling,
297-299
statistic theory of, 235-236
molecular diffusion coefficient in, 38
Prediction equivalence identifiability,
232
Prediction problem, 4
Principal axes, 38
Pure advection models, 5-6, 193-196
Q
Quadratic element, 107
Quadratic programming method, 203,
280
Quadrilateral element with curved sides,
109
Quasi-Newtonian algorithm, 203
R
Radial advection-dispersion equation,
41
Radial dispersion problems, 66-69
Radioactive decay, 24, 42-43
coefficient of, 68
Random functions, 11,235
Random-Walk method, 154, 177
Random-Walk model, 91-95
Realization, 243
Rectangular elements, 104
References,355-369
Regional scale, 12,212-213
Representative elementary volume
(REV), 9
Residual, 98
Response time, 198
Retardation factor, 44, 68
identification of, 218
S
Saturated loose aquifers, groundwater
pollution of, 250-253
Saturated-unsaturated aquifers,
groundwater pollution of,
253-256
Scale effect, 36, 216, 235