xiv
Contents
7.3 Coupled Inverse Problems of Groundwater Flow and Mass
Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
7.3.1 Definition of Coupled Inverse Problems ................. 223
7.3.2 Variational Sensitivity Analysis ......................... 226
7.3.3 Identifiability ........................................ 231
7.3.4 Experimental Design .................................. 234
7.4 Statistic Theory and Uncertainty Analysis ................... 235
7.4.1 The Statistic Theory of Mass Transport in Porous Media ... 235
7.4.2 The Heterogeneity of Natural Formations ................ 236
7.4.3 Stochastic Advection-Dispersion Equations and
Macrodispersivities ................................... 237
7.4.4 Uncertainties of Groundwater Quality Models ............ 238
7.4.5 Conditional Simulations and Stochastic Inverse Problems .. 243
8 Applications of Groundwater Quality Models .................. 247
8.1 Simulation and Prediction of Groundwater Pollution ......... 247
8.1.1 The General Procedure of Studying Groundwater Pollution
Problems ........................................... 247
8.1.2 Groundwater Pollution of Saturated Loose Aquifers ....... 250
8.1.3 Groundwater Pollution of Saturated-Unsaturated Aquifers . 253
8.1.4 Groundwater Pollution of Fractured Aquifers ............ 256
8.2 Seawater Intrusion ....................................... 262
8.2.1 The Problem ofSeawater Intrusion ..................... 262
8.2.2 Fresh Water-Sea Water Interfaces ...................... 264
8.2.3 Numerical Methods for Determining the Location of
Interfaces ........................................... 269
8.2.4 Determination of the Transition Zones .................. 271
8.3 Groundwater Quality Management Models .................. 275
8.3.1 Groundwater Hydraulic Management Models ............ 275
8.3.2 Management of Groundwater Pollution Sources .......... 280
8.3.3 Project Models of Groundwater Quality Management ..... 284
8.3.4 Conjunctive Use and Water Resources Planning .......... 287
8.3.5 Remediation of Polluted Aquifers ....................... 288
8.3.6 The Reliability of Management Models .................. 289
8.3.7 Economic and Political Models in Groundwater
Management ........................................ 291
Conclusions ................................................ 295
Appendix A The Related Parameters in the Modeling Mass
Transport in Porous Media ......................... 297
Appendix B A FORTRAN Program for Solving Coupled
Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport
Problems ....................................... 300
B.1 Features and Assumptions .............................. 300
B.2 Program Structure .................................... 301
Contents
7.3 Coupled Inverse Problems of Groundwater Flow and Mass
Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
7.3.1 Definition of Coupled Inverse Problems ................. 223
7.3.2 Variational Sensitivity Analysis ......................... 226
7.3.3 Identifiability ........................................ 231
7.3.4 Experimental Design .................................. 234
7.4 Statistic Theory and Uncertainty Analysis ................... 235
7.4.1 The Statistic Theory of Mass Transport in Porous Media ... 235
7.4.2 The Heterogeneity of Natural Formations ................ 236
7.4.3 Stochastic Advection-Dispersion Equations and
Macrodispersivities ................................... 237
7.4.4 Uncertainties of Groundwater Quality Models ............ 238
7.4.5 Conditional Simulations and Stochastic Inverse Problems .. 243
8 Applications of Groundwater Quality Models .................. 247
8.1 Simulation and Prediction of Groundwater Pollution ......... 247
8.1.1 The General Procedure of Studying Groundwater Pollution
Problems ........................................... 247
8.1.2 Groundwater Pollution of Saturated Loose Aquifers ....... 250
8.1.3 Groundwater Pollution of Saturated-Unsaturated Aquifers . 253
8.1.4 Groundwater Pollution of Fractured Aquifers ............ 256
8.2 Seawater Intrusion ....................................... 262
8.2.1 The Problem ofSeawater Intrusion ..................... 262
8.2.2 Fresh Water-Sea Water Interfaces ...................... 264
8.2.3 Numerical Methods for Determining the Location of
Interfaces ........................................... 269
8.2.4 Determination of the Transition Zones .................. 271
8.3 Groundwater Quality Management Models .................. 275
8.3.1 Groundwater Hydraulic Management Models ............ 275
8.3.2 Management of Groundwater Pollution Sources .......... 280
8.3.3 Project Models of Groundwater Quality Management ..... 284
8.3.4 Conjunctive Use and Water Resources Planning .......... 287
8.3.5 Remediation of Polluted Aquifers ....................... 288
8.3.6 The Reliability of Management Models .................. 289
8.3.7 Economic and Political Models in Groundwater
Management ........................................ 291
Conclusions ................................................ 295
Appendix A The Related Parameters in the Modeling Mass
Transport in Porous Media ......................... 297
Appendix B A FORTRAN Program for Solving Coupled
Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport
Problems ....................................... 300
B.1 Features and Assumptions .............................. 300
B.2 Program Structure .................................... 301