Contents
Preface .................................................... vii
1 Introduction ..............................................
1
1.1 Groundwater Quality .....................................
1
1.2 Groundwater Quality Management .........................
2
1.3 Groundwater Modeling ...................................
4
2 Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Porous Media ....................
9
2.1 Physical Parameters ......................................
9
2.1.1 Spatial Average Method ...............................
9
2.1.2 Fluid, Medium and State Parameters ....................
12
2.2 Phenomena and Mechanism of Hydrodynamic Dispersion ...... 20
2.2.1 Hydrodynamic Dispersion Phenomena ................... 20
2.2.2 Mechanisms of Hydrodynamic Dispersion ................ 21
2.2.3 Mass Transport in Porous Media ....................... 23
2.3 Mass Conservation and Convection-Diffusion Equations in a
Fluid Continuum ........................................ 24
2.3.1 Diffusive Velocities and Fluxes .......................... 24
2.3.2 Mass Conservation Equation of a Component ............ 25
2.3.3 Convection-Diffusion Equations in a Fluid Continuum ..... 26
2.4 Hydrodynamic Dispersion Equations ....................... 27
2.4.1 The Average of Time Derivatives ........................ 27
2.4.2 The Average of Spatial Derivatives ...................... 29
2.4.3 Advection-Dispersion Equations in Porous Media .........
30
2.4.4 The Integral Form of Hydrodynamic Dispersion Equations.
32
2.5 Coefficients of Hydrodynamic Dispersion ....................
33
2.5.1 Coefficients of Longitudinal Dispersion and Transverse
Dispersion ........................................... 33
2.5.2 Coefficients of Mechanical Dispersion and Molecular
Diffusion ............................................
36
2.6 Extensions and Subsidiary Conditions of the Hydrodynamic
Dispersion Equation ......................................
39
xi