3
Fish Genetics
Contents
3.1 Gene Expression in Fish and Other Eukaryotes............................................................... 55
3.2 Recombinant DNA Technology........................................................................................ 58
3.3 Cloning of a Target Gene ................................................................................................. 61
3.4 Fish Genes ......................................................................................................................... 63
3.5 Fish Gene Structures ......................................................................................................... 66
3.6 New Analyses of Fish Genomes....................................................................................... 71
3.7 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 75
References .................................................................................................................................. 76
3.1 Gene Expression in Fish and Other Eukaryotes
Cells have a characteristic structure that is appropriate for performing their individual functions. Sperm cells, for example, have powerful flagella that allow them
to swim through a female’s reproductive tract and find the egg. Nerve cells are
elongated in shape in order to communicate signals between distant parts of the
body. In this way, the different cells in the human body generally support the living
individual in its activities (Chalfie et al. 1994).
What is responsible for this sort of diversity in cells? Do the cells possess
different genes? All somatic cells (that is, every cell apart from reproductive cells)
in our bodies are the result of repeated somatic cell division that begins in the
fertilized egg. Because somatic cell division results in exact replications of the
genome, the many cells in our bodies all possess the same genome as the original
fertilized egg. So what accounts for the differences among cells? The only way for a
cell bearing the same genetic information to develop into various cells possessing
different structures and functions is through regulation of gene activity.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_3
55
Fish Genetics
Contents
3.1 Gene Expression in Fish and Other Eukaryotes............................................................... 55
3.2 Recombinant DNA Technology........................................................................................ 58
3.3 Cloning of a Target Gene ................................................................................................. 61
3.4 Fish Genes ......................................................................................................................... 63
3.5 Fish Gene Structures ......................................................................................................... 66
3.6 New Analyses of Fish Genomes....................................................................................... 71
3.7 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 75
References .................................................................................................................................. 76
3.1 Gene Expression in Fish and Other Eukaryotes
Cells have a characteristic structure that is appropriate for performing their individual functions. Sperm cells, for example, have powerful flagella that allow them
to swim through a female’s reproductive tract and find the egg. Nerve cells are
elongated in shape in order to communicate signals between distant parts of the
body. In this way, the different cells in the human body generally support the living
individual in its activities (Chalfie et al. 1994).
What is responsible for this sort of diversity in cells? Do the cells possess
different genes? All somatic cells (that is, every cell apart from reproductive cells)
in our bodies are the result of repeated somatic cell division that begins in the
fertilized egg. Because somatic cell division results in exact replications of the
genome, the many cells in our bodies all possess the same genome as the original
fertilized egg. So what accounts for the differences among cells? The only way for a
cell bearing the same genetic information to develop into various cells possessing
different structures and functions is through regulation of gene activity.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_3
55