2
Introduction to Molecular Biology
Contents
2.1 What Are Genes? ............................................................................................................ 23
2.2 Where Do Cells Exist in the Body? ............................................................................... 26
2.3 Genes and Phenotypic Expression .................................................................................. 30
2.4 What Is Nucleic Acid? .................................................................................................... 31
2.5 The Gene Entity .............................................................................................................. 33
2.6 DNA’s Double Helix Structure ....................................................................................... 34
2.7 DNA Autoreproduction ................................................................................................... 37
2.8 Plasmids ........................................................................................................................... 38
2.9 What Is Genetic Information?......................................................................................... 39
2.10 Why RNA Uses Thymine Instead of Uracil .................................................................. 45
2.11 Restriction Endonuclease: Nomenclature, Types, and Characteristics........................... 47
2.12 What Are Monoclonal Antibodies? ................................................................................ 50
2.13 DNA Sequencing and Marine Omics ............................................................................. 51
2.14 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................. 52
References .................................................................................................................................. 52
To understand marine biotechnology, it is necessary to understand the genes that
determine an organism’s appearance and functions. This chapter will include a brief
explanation of the genetics that directly informs biotechnology, as well how
genetics has been applied to biotechnology.
2.1 What Are Genes?
Before Gregor Mendel established the concept of genes, it was believed that certain
traits were passed on to offspring through “blending inheritance,” or an intercombination of the genetic properties present in the sperm and egg. At the same time,
the regularities of that transmission process and the mechanism of transmission long
remained unknown.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_2
23
Introduction to Molecular Biology
Contents
2.1 What Are Genes? ............................................................................................................ 23
2.2 Where Do Cells Exist in the Body? ............................................................................... 26
2.3 Genes and Phenotypic Expression .................................................................................. 30
2.4 What Is Nucleic Acid? .................................................................................................... 31
2.5 The Gene Entity .............................................................................................................. 33
2.6 DNA’s Double Helix Structure ....................................................................................... 34
2.7 DNA Autoreproduction ................................................................................................... 37
2.8 Plasmids ........................................................................................................................... 38
2.9 What Is Genetic Information?......................................................................................... 39
2.10 Why RNA Uses Thymine Instead of Uracil .................................................................. 45
2.11 Restriction Endonuclease: Nomenclature, Types, and Characteristics........................... 47
2.12 What Are Monoclonal Antibodies? ................................................................................ 50
2.13 DNA Sequencing and Marine Omics ............................................................................. 51
2.14 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................. 52
References .................................................................................................................................. 52
To understand marine biotechnology, it is necessary to understand the genes that
determine an organism’s appearance and functions. This chapter will include a brief
explanation of the genetics that directly informs biotechnology, as well how
genetics has been applied to biotechnology.
2.1 What Are Genes?
Before Gregor Mendel established the concept of genes, it was believed that certain
traits were passed on to offspring through “blending inheritance,” or an intercombination of the genetic properties present in the sperm and egg. At the same time,
the regularities of that transmission process and the mechanism of transmission long
remained unknown.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_2
23