Table 10.1
Marine organism-derived pharmaceuticals that have been approved or are undergoing clinical testing (Malve 2016)
Clinical
stage
Substance name
Product
name
Source
Substance class
Target molecule(s)
Country Disease/condition
Approved Cytarabine (Ara-C)
Cytoasr-U Sponge
Nucleoside
DNA polymerase
U.S.
Cancer
Vidarabine (Ara-A)
Vira-A
Sponge
Nucleoside
DNA polymerase
U.S.
Viral diseases
Ziconotide
Prialt
Cone shell
Peptide
N-type, calcium channel U.S.
Pain
Trabectedin
Yondelis Colonial sea squirt
Alkaloid
DNA
Spain
Cancer
x-3 fatty acid ethylester Lovaza
Fish
Fatty acid
Triglyceride synthase
U.S.
Hypertriglyceridemia
Eribulin mesylate
Halaven
Sponge
Macrolide
Microtubules
U.S.
Cancer
Stage III Brentuximab vedotin
(SGN-35)
Mollusks
Antibody peptide
complex
CD30, microtubules
U.S.
Cancer
Plitidepsin
Aplidine Colonial sea squirt
Depsipeptide
Rac1, JNK
Spain
Cancer
Stage 2
DMXBA (GTS-21)
Lineus
sp.
Alkaloid
Nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor
U.S.
Dementia
Plinabulin (NPI-2358)
Fungi
Diketopiperazine
Microtubules, JNK
stress proteins
U.S.
Cancer
Elisidepsin
Irvalec
Mollusks
Depsipeptide
Cell membrane
fluidity Spain
Cancer
PM00104
Zalypsis
Mollusks
Alkaloid
DNA
Spain
Cancer
CDX-011
Mollusks
Antibody peptide
complex
NMB, microtubules
U.S.
Cancer
Zen2174
Cone shell
Peptide
Norepinephrine
Australia Pain
Stage I
Marizomib
(salinosporamide A)
Actinomycetes
b-lactone-c-lactone 20S proteasome
U.S.
Cancer
PM01183 (trabectidin
analog)
Colonial sea squirt
Alkaloid
DNA
Spain
Cancer
SGN-75
Mollusks
Antibody peptide
complex
CD70, microtubules
U.S.
Cancer
ASG-5ME
Mollusks
ASG-5, microtubules
U.S.
Cancer
(continued)
370
10 Marine Natural Substances