9
Marine Bioenergy Production
Contents
9.1 Marine Biomass................................................................................................................. 297
9.2 Producing Ethanol with Algae .......................................................................................... 299
9.3 Methane Production from Algae....................................................................................... 304
9.4 Biohydrogen Production.................................................................................................... 314
9.5 Biodiesel Production with Microalgae.............................................................................. 331
9.6 Developing Microalgae with High Oil Concentrations .................................................... 338
9.7 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 341
References .................................................................................................................................. 341
9.1 Marine Biomass
Biomass is the total of organisms (including plants, animals, and microbes) within a
given space as converted into a numerical quantity. In South Korean ecology,
corresponding terms include “existing organism quantity” and “organism quantity.”
In a contemporary environment where people are obliged to use solar energy in
addition to chemical fuel and nuclear energy, the word “biomass” has been used in
applied science fields beyond its original ecological sense. Today, biomass has been
positioned as the specific focus in attempts to obtain useful materials and fuels by
taking advantage of the ways in which organisms accumulate solar energy (Gao and
McKinley 1994).
Biomass is currently being considered alongside nuclear power and solar energy
as an energy source for the future. Particularly high hopes are being pinned on the
use of theoretically unlimited solar energy and biomass—an aggregate of that solar
energy—as a new energy resource.
The total biomass of the Earth is estimated to be 1.0 Â 10
12 ton of carbon
equivalent, a total that corresponds to 100 times the current annual energy consumption and five times the amount of petroleum deposits. One-tenth of total
biomass is reproduced each year through photosynthesis, a process that uses solar
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_9
297
Marine Bioenergy Production
Contents
9.1 Marine Biomass................................................................................................................. 297
9.2 Producing Ethanol with Algae .......................................................................................... 299
9.3 Methane Production from Algae....................................................................................... 304
9.4 Biohydrogen Production.................................................................................................... 314
9.5 Biodiesel Production with Microalgae.............................................................................. 331
9.6 Developing Microalgae with High Oil Concentrations .................................................... 338
9.7 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 341
References .................................................................................................................................. 341
9.1 Marine Biomass
Biomass is the total of organisms (including plants, animals, and microbes) within a
given space as converted into a numerical quantity. In South Korean ecology,
corresponding terms include “existing organism quantity” and “organism quantity.”
In a contemporary environment where people are obliged to use solar energy in
addition to chemical fuel and nuclear energy, the word “biomass” has been used in
applied science fields beyond its original ecological sense. Today, biomass has been
positioned as the specific focus in attempts to obtain useful materials and fuels by
taking advantage of the ways in which organisms accumulate solar energy (Gao and
McKinley 1994).
Biomass is currently being considered alongside nuclear power and solar energy
as an energy source for the future. Particularly high hopes are being pinned on the
use of theoretically unlimited solar energy and biomass—an aggregate of that solar
energy—as a new energy resource.
The total biomass of the Earth is estimated to be 1.0 Â 10
12 ton of carbon
equivalent, a total that corresponds to 100 times the current annual energy consumption and five times the amount of petroleum deposits. One-tenth of total
biomass is reproduced each year through photosynthesis, a process that uses solar
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_9
297