monitoring systems for local population preservation, and efforts to acquire
parents and release seedlings will need to be carried out.
Like agriculture, fish farming subjects organisms to artificial management.
Future genetic improvements will be focused on breeding goals to meet various
demands. Important tasks in this field include explication of the genetic characteristics of improved varieties and preservation and management of these new
varieties. Development of new varieties is associated with rising costs due to the
labor, expenses, and site needed for line preservation and management.
Because the lines in question are labeled with genetic markers from birth, they
can be raised in mixed groups. In this case, it suffices to have a small number of
separate tanks for the parents to preserve their line.
As this chapter has shown, DNA polymorphs appear poised to play an even
more important role in marine farming research and industry as a new form of
genetic marker.
References
Andersson, L. (2001). Genetic dissection of phenotypic diversity in farm animals. Nature Reviews
Genetics, 2(2), 130.
Arai, K. (2001). Genetic improvement of aquaculture finfish species by chromosome manipulation
techniques in Japan. In Reproductive biotechnology in finfish aquaculture (pp. 205–228). Elsevier.
Avise, J. C., Bowen, B. W., Lamb, T., Meylan, A. B., & Bermingham, E. (1992).
Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle’s pace: Evidence for low genetic variability and
reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9(3),
457–473.
Bentzen, P., Harris, A. S., & Wright, J. M. (1991). Cloning of hypervariable minisatellite and
simple sequence microsatellite repeats for DNA fingerprinting of important aquacultural species
of Salmonids and Tilapia. In T. Burke, G. Dolf, A. J. Jeffreys & R. Wolff (Eds.), DNA
Fingerprinting: Approaches and Applications (pp. 243–262). Basel/Switzertland: Birkhauser
Verlag.
Excoffier, L., Smouse, P. E., & Quattro, J. M. (1992). Analysis of molecular variance inferred from
metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction
data. Genetics, 131(2), 479–491.
Fahima, T., Röder, M., Grama, A., & Nevo, E. (1998). Microsatellite DNA polymorphism
divergence in Triticum dicoccoides accessions highly resistant to yellow rust. Theoretical and
Applied Genetics, 96(2), 187–195.
Frankham, R. (1996). Relationship of genetic variation to population size in wildlife. Conservation
Biology, 10(6), 1500–1508.
Giblett, E. R. (1969). Genetic markers in human blood. Blackwell Scientific Oxford.
Gjedrem, T. (1983). Genetic variation in quantitative traits and selective breeding in fish and
shellfish. Aquaculture, 33(1–4), 51–72.
Hallerman, E. M., & Beckmann, J. S. (1988). DNA-level polymorphism as a tool in fisheries
science. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 1075–1087.
Hulata, G. (2001). Genetic manipulations in aquaculture: A review of stock improvement by
classical and modern technologies. Genetica, 111(1–3), 155–173.
Ishida, N., Hasegawa, T., Takeda, K., Sakagami, M., Onishi, A., Inumaru, S., et al. (1994).
Polymorphic sequence in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA. Animal Genetics, 25
(4), 215–221.
Jeffreys, A. J., Wilson, V., & Thein, S. L. (1985). Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human
DNA. Nature, 314(6006), 67–73.
142
5 Genetic Diversity and DNA Markers in Fish
parents and release seedlings will need to be carried out.
Like agriculture, fish farming subjects organisms to artificial management.
Future genetic improvements will be focused on breeding goals to meet various
demands. Important tasks in this field include explication of the genetic characteristics of improved varieties and preservation and management of these new
varieties. Development of new varieties is associated with rising costs due to the
labor, expenses, and site needed for line preservation and management.
Because the lines in question are labeled with genetic markers from birth, they
can be raised in mixed groups. In this case, it suffices to have a small number of
separate tanks for the parents to preserve their line.
As this chapter has shown, DNA polymorphs appear poised to play an even
more important role in marine farming research and industry as a new form of
genetic marker.
References
Andersson, L. (2001). Genetic dissection of phenotypic diversity in farm animals. Nature Reviews
Genetics, 2(2), 130.
Arai, K. (2001). Genetic improvement of aquaculture finfish species by chromosome manipulation
techniques in Japan. In Reproductive biotechnology in finfish aquaculture (pp. 205–228). Elsevier.
Avise, J. C., Bowen, B. W., Lamb, T., Meylan, A. B., & Bermingham, E. (1992).
Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle’s pace: Evidence for low genetic variability and
reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9(3),
457–473.
Bentzen, P., Harris, A. S., & Wright, J. M. (1991). Cloning of hypervariable minisatellite and
simple sequence microsatellite repeats for DNA fingerprinting of important aquacultural species
of Salmonids and Tilapia. In T. Burke, G. Dolf, A. J. Jeffreys & R. Wolff (Eds.), DNA
Fingerprinting: Approaches and Applications (pp. 243–262). Basel/Switzertland: Birkhauser
Verlag.
Excoffier, L., Smouse, P. E., & Quattro, J. M. (1992). Analysis of molecular variance inferred from
metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction
data. Genetics, 131(2), 479–491.
Fahima, T., Röder, M., Grama, A., & Nevo, E. (1998). Microsatellite DNA polymorphism
divergence in Triticum dicoccoides accessions highly resistant to yellow rust. Theoretical and
Applied Genetics, 96(2), 187–195.
Frankham, R. (1996). Relationship of genetic variation to population size in wildlife. Conservation
Biology, 10(6), 1500–1508.
Giblett, E. R. (1969). Genetic markers in human blood. Blackwell Scientific Oxford.
Gjedrem, T. (1983). Genetic variation in quantitative traits and selective breeding in fish and
shellfish. Aquaculture, 33(1–4), 51–72.
Hallerman, E. M., & Beckmann, J. S. (1988). DNA-level polymorphism as a tool in fisheries
science. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 1075–1087.
Hulata, G. (2001). Genetic manipulations in aquaculture: A review of stock improvement by
classical and modern technologies. Genetica, 111(1–3), 155–173.
Ishida, N., Hasegawa, T., Takeda, K., Sakagami, M., Onishi, A., Inumaru, S., et al. (1994).
Polymorphic sequence in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA. Animal Genetics, 25
(4), 215–221.
Jeffreys, A. J., Wilson, V., & Thein, S. L. (1985). Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human
DNA. Nature, 314(6006), 67–73.
142
5 Genetic Diversity and DNA Markers in Fish